The present disclosure addresses the technical problem of prediction of a preheat refractory temperature profile of a ladle furnace. Operational temperature of the ladle furnace, stability of sensors and placement make sensors not feasible. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations require large computation time and cannot be used for runtime applications in plants. The method and system of the present disclosure uses CFD modeling to carry out parametric study to generate data which is further processed to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model that serves as a prediction model for predicting the preheat refractory temperature profile for at least a portion of the side refractory and at least a portion of the bottom refractory layer separately for which a new set of input data is obtained. The trained prediction model of the present disclosure provides a quick runtime prediction in plants.

Magnetic field components are measured at multiple longitudinal positions and used to calculate estimated longitudinal position and length of a transversely localized electric current segment flowing across a gap between conductive bodies. The apparatus can be used with a remelting furnace. The electrode and ingot act as the conductive bodies, and arcs, discharges, or slag currents are the current segments spanning the gap. Actuators for movable sensors can be coupled to the sensors in a servomechanism arrangement to move the sensors along with the moving gap. An actuator for moving one of the conductive bodies can be coupled to sensors in a servomechanism arrangement to maintain the gap distance within a selected range as the gap moves.

A method of treating refractory-lined equipment includes accessing an interior of the refractory-lined equipment with an equipment repair apparatus, wherein the equipment repair apparatus includes a robotic arm and one or more end effectors coupled to an end of the robotic arm, inspecting refractory material that lines an inner wall of the refractory-lined equipment with a first end effector coupled to the end of the robotic arm, removing damaged refractory material from the inner wall with a second end effector coupled to the end of the robotic arm, removing one or more anchors from the inner wall with a third end effector coupled to the end of the robotic arm, and installing new refractory material on the inner wall with a fourth end effector coupled to the end of the robotic arm.

Technologies are described for devices to hold a cup, mug, glassware, bottle, can, thermos, or other beverage container for a fire pit. The device may comprise a beverage holder assembly. The beverage holder assembly may comprise a beverage holder. The beverage holder assembly may comprise a bracket. The bracket may have a first side and a second side. The first side of the bracket may be attached to an underside of a mantel of a fire pit. The second side of the bracket may be attached to the beverage holder.

Technologies are described for devices to hold a cup, mug, glassware, bottle, can, thermos, or other beverage container for a fire pit. The device may comprise a beverage holder assembly. The beverage holder assembly may comprise a beverage holder. The beverage holder assembly may comprise a bracket. The bracket may have a first side and a second side. The first side of the bracket may be attached to an underside of a mantel of a fire pit. The second side of the bracket may be attached to the beverage holder.

Disclosed in the present invention is a method for plugging/unplugging a probe of a metallurgical automatic sublance. A laser distance sensor is mounted on an end-effector of a drive device; the drive device drives the laser distance sensor to scan the automatic sublance according to setting areas; position and orientation information of the automatic sublance is calculated by a calculation unit; according to the position and orientation information of the automatic sublance, a gripper on the end-effector implements a process of plugging/unplugging the probe of the automatic sublance. According to the present invention, an existing automatic sublance does not need to be improved, and only external sensors need to be used for plugging/unplugging detection, so that the plugging/unplugging process can be accurately carried out.

Provided are an apparatus and a method for controlling the heating of the base within a chemical vapour deposition chamber, which apparatus is applicable to an MOCVD reaction chamber. The apparatus comprises a heater located within a chamber; a tray located near the heater within the chamber and spaced apart from the heater and used for carrying the base; a first temperature control unit coupled with a surface of the tray for carrying the base and used for measuring the temperature of the tray surface and outputting a first control signal as a function of a set temperature and the temperature of the tray surface; and a second temperature control unit connected to the first temperature control unit and used for measuring the temperature of the middle of the area between the tray and the heater, and also for outputting a second control signal as a function of the first control signal and the temperature of the middle, with the heater being coupled with the second temperature control unit to heat according to the second control signal. Further provided is a method for controlling the heating of the base within a chemical vapour deposition chamber. A steady base temperature can be obtained via the apparatus.

A vacuum heat treatment apparatus according to the embodiment comprises a chamber; a thermal insulator in the chamber; a reaction container in the thermal insulator; a heating member between the reaction container and the the thermal insulator for heating the reaction container; and a temperature measuring member in or on a surface of the reaction container, wherein the temperature measuring member comprises a thermocouple and a protective tube surrounding the thermocouple, and the protective tube comprises tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), or silicon carbide (SiC).

A sintering furnace with a first zone, in particular a burn-off zone, and a second zone, in particular a sintering zone, and also a transitional zone arranged between the first zone and the second zone. The sintering furnace has at least one transporting mechanism for transporting bodies to be sintered on a transporting area. With this transporting mechanism, the bodies to be sintered can be transported from the first zone and through the transitional zone to the second zone. The sintering furnace also has at least one gas removal device with at least one gas removal device opening. Here, the gas removal device opening is at least partially arranged in the region of the transitional zone. Furthermore, a method by means of which gases can be removed from a sintering furnace is claimed.

A sintering furnace with a first zone, in particular a burn-off zone, and a second zone, in particular a sintering zone, and also a transitional zone arranged between the first zone and the second zone. The sintering furnace has at least one transporting mechanism for transporting bodies to be sintered on a transporting area. With this transporting mechanism, the bodies to be sintered can be transported from the first zone and through the transitional zone to the second zone. The sintering furnace also has at least one gas removal device with at least one gas removal device opening. Here, the gas removal device opening is at least partially arranged in the region of the transitional zone. Furthermore, a method by means of which gases can be removed from a sintering furnace is claimed.