A method and cleaning device for removing deposits from interiors of receptacles and installations by way of explosion technology. The cleaning device includes a cleaning apparatus with a receiving space, and at least one pressure container that is connected via at least one metering fitting to the cleaning apparatus. The controlled introduction of the at least one gaseous component into the cleaning apparatus is effected according to the principle of the differential pressure between a maximal pressure at the beginning of the introduction and a nominal residual pressure after completion of the introduction. For this, based on a maximal pressure, the nominal residual pressure in the pressure container is ascertained on the basis of the quantity of gaseous component to be introduced, and the introduction of the at least one gaseous component is stopped on reaching the nominal residual pressure, which thereby lies in the overpressure range.

A roller bearing replacement device for replacement or exchange of a roller bearing of a roller hearth furnace includes a housing that can be sealed off from the environment or external atmosphere that has a sluice through which access to the roller bearing of the roller hearth furnace that is to be replaced from the inside of the housing while excluding the external atmosphere is possible, and at least one roller bearing handling device that is designed for demounting and installing roller bearings and is arranged moveably in the housing and which can be at least partly moved out of the housing through the sluice. Roller bearing replacement or exchange is possible without the roller bearing getting tilted or twisted through its movement during demounting or assembly as the case may be in the roller hearth furnace. The roller bearing replacement device furthermore has a height adjusting device that is coupled with the housing; this height adjusting device is designed and constructed to position the housing vertically and to align the housing on a horizontal plane.

A roller bearing replacement device for replacement or exchange of a roller bearing of a roller hearth furnace includes a housing that can be sealed off from the environment or external atmosphere that has a sluice through which access to the roller bearing of the roller hearth furnace that is to be replaced from the inside of the housing while excluding the external atmosphere is possible, and at least one roller bearing handling device that is designed for demounting and installing roller bearings and is arranged moveably in the housing and which can be at least partly moved out of the housing through the sluice. Roller bearing replacement or exchange is possible without the roller bearing getting tilted or twisted through its movement during demounting or assembly as the case may be in the roller hearth furnace. The roller bearing replacement device furthermore has a height adjusting device that is coupled with the housing; this height adjusting device is designed and constructed to position the housing vertically and to align the housing on a horizontal plane.

An energy-saving heat treatment device for a metal substrate in a corrosive gas includes a process frame located in a radiation field. A substrate is configured to be inserted in the process frame, and the process frame covers an outer edge of an upper surface of the substrate to form a process space having a small volume. The process frame is made on the basis of the modification to the structure of the original process frame. By covering the outer edge of the substrate, the edge is protected from contact with selenium, and chalcogen elements in contact with the edge are reduced, and even residual chalcogen elements or hydrocarbons in a chamber do not corrode the edge of the substrate. Since the process space is minimized, the chalcogenide elements in the process chamber are greatly reduced, and a barrier layer on a bottom side of the substrate is significantly thinned.

A method (110) for removing a quantity of slag (24) from hot metal (6) in a ladle (2) during a process of metal purification such as steelmaking using an improved skimmer paddle (100) having a system of internal piping (60) that at one end is attached to a source of gas and at a second end terminates into one or more ports (64). The improved skimmer (100) is moved along a top surface (6a) of the hot metal, though the quantity of slag, and predetermined flows of gas are forced into the piping system and expelled through the port or ports (64) to move the quantity of slag out from the back of ladle to be skimmed into a slag pot (4) to remove undesired impurities from the hot metal.

A skimmer (100) for removing a slag layer (24) from hot metal (6) in a ladle (2) during a process of metal purification such as steelmaking. The improved skimmer (100) is a steel framework covered in reinforced refractory, having a system of internal piping (60) that at one end is attached to a source of gas and at a second end terminating at one or more ports (64). The improved skimmer (100) is attached to a boom for a prior art skimming machine. In use, the improved skimmer (100) is moved along a top surface (6a) of the hot metal, though the slag layer, and predetermined flows of gas are forced into the piping system and expelled through the port or ports to move the slag layer out from the back of ladle so it can be skimmed into a slag pot (4).

A furnace system includes a furnace and a preheater configured to preheat material before it enters the furnace. The system further includes a duct system including a mixing chamber disposed between the furnace and preheater. The duct system further includes an exhaust duct in fluid communication with an exhaust fluid outlet of the furnace and configured to vent fluid exhausted from the furnace. The exhaust duct is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and configured to redirect a portion of the fluid exhausted from the furnace to the mixing chamber. The duct system further includes a preheater duct in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and a fluid inlet of the preheater and configured to direct fluid from the mixing chamber to the preheater. The system further includes a duct scraper configured for movement within the mixing chamber to move particulates from the mixing chamber into the exhaust duct.

A method and apparatus closing a slag doorway and cleaning the slag doorway and channel of a metallurgical furnace including walls defining a slag doorway and a slag channel that crosses the slag doorway and has a bottom. The apparatus includes a support structure associable with the furnace, at least one slag-breaking body including a lower border that, under mounting conditions of the apparatus on the furnace, is directed towards the bottom and at a definable height, the slag-breaking body being associated with the support structure in a movable manner along the slag channel away and/or towards the slag doorway to wipe, with its lower border, the bottom or a parallel plane, and a vibrating or oscillating mechanism associated with the slag-breaking body to confer a vibrating or oscillating movement with non null component incident the bottom, during a travel performed during its movement away or towards the slag doorway.

A rotary kiln for reducing phosphate ore in kiln phosphoric acid process, comprising a kiln body, a kiln head box, a kiln tail box and a driving device for driving the rotation of the kiln body, wherein a fuel burner is provided at the kiln head, a feed pipe and an outlet flue connected to an external hydration tower are provided at the kiln tail box, the upper part of the kiln body is provided with no air pipe, the outlet flue is provided in the radius range of the kiln body with the axis of the rotary kiln as a center, and the fume conveying direction in the outlet flue is substantially parallel to the axis direction of the rotary kiln or has an included angle of less than 45 thereto. The rotary kiln can effectively mitigate the phenomenon of ring forming in the kiln tail of the rotary kiln.

A rotary kiln for reducing phosphate ore in kiln phosphoric acid process, comprising a kiln body, a kiln head box, a kiln tail box and a driving device for driving the rotation of the kiln body, wherein a fuel burner is provided at the kiln head, a feed pipe and an outlet flue connected to an external hydration tower are provided at the kiln tail box, the upper part of the kiln body is provided with no air pipe, the outlet flue is provided in the radius range of the kiln body with the axis of the rotary kiln as a center, and the fume conveying direction in the outlet flue is substantially parallel to the axis direction of the rotary kiln or has an included angle of less than 45 thereto. The rotary kiln can effectively mitigate the phenomenon of ring forming in the kiln tail of the rotary kiln.