An apparatus for producing a composition that includes nano-bubbles dispersed in a liquid carrier includes: (a) an elongate housing comprising a first end and a second end, the housing defining a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and an interior cavity adapted for receiving the liquid carrier from a liquid source; and (b) a gas-permeable member at least partially disposed within the interior cavity of the housing. The gas-permeable member includes an open end adapted for receiving a pressurized gas from a gas source, a closed end, and a porous sidewall extending between the open and closed ends having a mean pore size no greater than 1.0 m. The gas-permeable member defines an inner surface, an outer surface, and a lumen. The housing and gas-permeable member are configured to form a composition that includes the liquid carrier and the nano-bubbles dispersed therein.

This invention relates to azeotrope-like compositions, methods and systems having utility in numerous applications, and in particular, uses for azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amounts of the compound cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (Z-HF0-1336mzzm), which has the following structure: ##STR00001##
and another material selected from the group consisting of water, fluoroketones, alcohols, hydrochlorofluoroolefins, and combinations of two or more thereof. These compositions may be used in a wide variety of applications such as, blowing agents, refrigerants, heating agents, power cycle agents, cleaning agents, aerosol propellants, sterilization agents, lubricants, flavor and fragrance extractants, flammability reducing agents, and flame suppression agents.

An apparatus for producing a composition that includes nano-bubbles dispersed in a liquid carrier includes: (a) an elongate housing comprising a first end and a second end, the housing defining a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and an interior cavity adapted for receiving the liquid carrier from a liquid source; and (b) a gas-permeable member at least partially disposed within the interior cavity of the housing. The gas-permeable member includes an open end adapted for receiving a pressurized gas from a gas source, a closed end, and a porous sidewall extending between the open and closed ends having a mean pore size no greater than 1.0 m. The gas-permeable member defines an inner surface, an outer surface, and a lumen. The housing and gas-permeable member are configured to form a composition that includes the liquid carrier and the nano-bubbles dispersed therein.

A heat transfer device includes a storage chamber, a coolant housed within the storage chamber, a cooling chamber, one or more heat transfer components, a fluid passage between the storage chamber and the cooling chamber, and a barrier element. The one or more heat transfer components facilitate heat transfer from a heat source outside of the cooling chamber to the cooling chamber. The barrier element may have (i) a closed configuration, and (ii) an open configuration in which the barrier element is configured to allow the coolant in the storage chamber to flow from the storage chamber into the cooling chamber. The barrier element may reconfigure from the closed configuration to the open configuration in response to a trigger condition, such as the coolant housed within the storage chamber reaching a trigger temperature; and/or the initial pressure of the coolant housed within the storage chamber reaching a trigger pressure.

The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for rapidly and uniformly cooling thermal cycling systems comprising selectively heating or cooling a thermal boundary layer at the edge of a bulk fluid flow.

The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for rapidly and uniformly cooling thermal cycling systems comprising selectively heating or cooling a thermal boundary layer at the edge of a bulk fluid flow.

Systems, methods, and apparatus for advanced cooling for cryogenic powered vehicles are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, a disclosed method for cooling a vehicle comprises routing, by a bypass line, boil-off of a cryogenic fuel of the vehicle past a cold plate to cool a subsystem mounted proximate the cold plate. The method further comprises purging the boil-off in a direction away from the vehicle, after the boil-off passes the cold plate. In one or more embodiments, the cryogenic fuel comprises liquid hydrogen (LH.sub.2), liquid oxygen (LO.sub.2), and/or liquid methane (LCH.sub.4). In at least one embodiment, the boil-off of the cryogenic fuel comprises gaseous hydrogen (GH.sub.2), gaseous oxygen (GO.sub.2), and/or gaseous methane (GCH.sub.4). The vehicle is a space vehicle, an airborne vehicle, a terrestrial vehicle, or a marine vehicle. In at least one embodiment, the vehicle is a fuel cell vehicle (FCV).

A system for controlling temperature of a body (6) comprising a DBD actuator (9) connectable to a power source to produce an ionic wind on the body; a control unit (8) to select an initial configuration and to control the power source (5) depending on a temperature difference (?T) between an input temperature (T.sub.i) and a target temperature (T.sub.ta) on the body (6), wherein the initial configuration comprises the following constructive parameters of the DBD actuator: number, shape, geometry, relative position of electrodes (d), dielectric material, dielectric thickness (e), wherein the initial configuration further comprises the following setting parameters to be set in the power source (5): a frequency value (f), an amplitude value (V), a waveform signal and a duty cycle, wherein the control unit (8) adjusts the initial configuration by modifying any of the setting parameters to control the heat transferred to the surface of the body.

A passive liquid collecting device has a reservoir with an outlet and one or more rigid structures within the reservoir. The rigid structures are configured to collect a liquid and direct the liquid to the outlet. Porous capillary media are supported by the rigid structures. A thermal control loop is also disclosed.

A heat exchanger component of a temperature control system of an electrical energy store may include a carrier material and at least two layers. The at least two layers may include a first layer composed of an electrically insulating material and a second layer that may facilitate temperature control via at least one of cooling and heating the electrical energy store.