A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure.

The present invention relates to a method for the theoretical analysis of a process apparatus through which fluid flows, wherein a theoretical, in particular numerical simulation of the apparatus or of at least one part of the apparatus is carried out, wherein at least one element of the apparatus which does not comprise concrete as a material is replaced in the theoretical simulation by at least one concrete element which is manufactured from concrete, and wherein a load analysis of the apparatus is carried out with the aid of the theoretical simulation.

A cold plate apparatus includes walls that surround an active volume adjacent to an inlet plenum; the walls include an inlet opening at one end of a top side of the inlet plenum and a plenum opening between the inlet plenum and the active volume. Also included is a blocker that partially separates the inlet plenum from the active volume. The blocker is structurally configured to preferentially redirect flow from the inlet plenum into the active volume.

This disclosure presents methods and systems of controlling a counter flow double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) that includes a hot fluid pipe and a cold fluid pipe. In a method, a temperature error between a reference temperature and a temperature at an outlet of the hot fluid pipe of the counter flow DPHE is determined. A cold fluid mass flow rate is determined from an output of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on the temperature error being input to the PID controller. The cold fluid mass flow rate is used for a cold fluid in the cold fluid pipe of the counter flow DPHE. The temperature error is controlled within a predefined range by utilizing parameters of the PID controller that are set by using a harmony search algorithm (HSA) to obtain a minimization of a cost function.

A method for operating a heater system including a resistive heating element having a material with a non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile is provided. The method includes heating the resistive heating element to within a limited temperature range in which the resistive heating element exhibits a negative dR/dT characteristic, operating the resistive heating element within an operating temperature range that at least partially overlaps the limited temperature range, and determining a temperature of the resistive heating element such that the resistive heating element functions as both a heater and a temperature sensor. The resistive heating element can function as a temperature sensor in a temperature range between about 500° C. and about 800° C., and the non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile for the material of the resistive heating element can have a local maximum and a local minimum.

In one aspect, a heat exchanger system is provided that includes a cooling system and a sensor configured to detect a variable of the cooling system. The heat exchanger system includes processor circuitry configured to provide the variable and a plurality of potential operating parameters of the cooling system to a machine learning model representative of the cooling system to estimate at least one of energy consumption, water usage, and chemical usage for the potential operating parameters. The processor circuitry is further configured to determine, based at least in part on the estimated at least one of energy consumption, water usage, and chemical consumption, for the potential operating parameters, an optimal operating parameter of the cooling system to satisfy a target optimization criterion.

A diffusion bonding heat exchanger includes a first heat transfer plate and a second heat transfer plate. A high-temperature flow path of the first heat transfer plate includes a connection channel portion configured such that a high-temperature fluid can flow across a plurality of channels within at least a range that overlaps a predetermined range in a stacking direction, the predetermined range being a range from a flow path inlet of the second heat transfer plate to a position downstream of the flow path inlet.

A method and a system for manufacturing a heat exchanger for supercritical pressure fluid are provided. The manufacturing method includes: obtaining boundary conditions of the heat exchanger, adjusting a preliminary framework of the heat exchanger, dividing each of fluid passages along a fluid flow direction and establishing a thermal equilibrium control model, constructing a machine heat transfer model in combination with a Gaussian regression process and a Cokriging method based on the thermal equilibrium control model, determining on-way thermal parameters about the working fluids flowing and transferring heat, determining a heat transfer area according to the on-way thermal parameters, and determining whether the heat transfer area meets a target heat transfer area. If the heat transfer area meets the target heat transfer area the heat exchanger is manufactured according to the preliminary framework of the heat exchanger. If the heat transfer area does not meet the target transfer area, the primary framework of the heat exchanger is readjusted until the heat transfer area meets the target heat transfer area.

A liquid-cooling heat dissipation system capable of regulating water quality includes a first liquid inlet, a first liquid outlet, a heat exchange unit, a sensation unit, a water quality regulating unit for containing and releasing an agent and a control unit. The heat exchange unit has a heat exchanger, a first pump and a mating opening connected with the water quality regulating unit. The sensation unit detects the pH value of a first working liquid and transmits a sensation signal to the control unit. The control unit compares the sensation signal with a preset pH value range to generate and transmit a comparison result to an external interface, whereby the water quality regulating unit is manually controlled to release the agent or not. Alternatively, according to the comparison result, the control unit automatically controls the water quality regulating unit to release the agent or not.

A monitoring apparatus includes an interface and a controller. The interface is configured to acquire a signal that is based on the temperature of the inside of a cooling tower configured to cool a cooling target. The controller is configured to acquire the signal from the interface and calculate the temperature distribution of the inside of the cooling tower. The controller analyzes an abnormal site of the cooling tower based on the temperature distribution.