In the present disclosure, a flow path member includes a substrate, a flow path and a first oxide layer. The substrate contains non-oxide ceramics, and includes an outer surface. The flow path is in the substrate, and includes an inlet and an outlet. The first oxide layer is disposed on the outer surface.

The invention provides a heat exchange element comprising a substrate and a coating, wherein the coating is present on at least a part of a flow path defined by the heat exchange element. The coating comprises a metal and has a structure comprising spikes having a length of up to 100 m; the average length of the spikes various throughout the coating. The invention also provides a method of transferring heat to or from a fluid which comprises providing the fluid to a flow path of the heat exchange element of the invention. The invention further provides a process for producing a heat exchange element of the invention, wherein the process comprises providing an electroless deposition solution to a surface of a substrate. The invention further provides a flow process for producing a heat exchange element and a heat exchange element obtained or obtainable by that process.

A heat exchanger of the present disclosure is operated in a cooling operation mode in which a region to be heat-exchanged is cooled by the heat exchanger or in a drying operation mode in which the heat exchanger is supplied with wind from a blowing fan, and comprises: a refrigerant pipe which forms a flow path of a refrigerant; a cooling fin which is coupled to the refrigerant pipe; and a hydrophilic coating with which the surface of at least one of the refrigerant pipe and the cooling fin is coated, wherein the hydrophilic coating contains: a first type transition metal oxide which becomes acidic by reacting with water formed on the refrigerant pipe or the cooling fin, so as to have antimicrobial activity when the heat exchanger is operated in the cooling operation mode; and a second type transition metal oxide or a post transition metal oxide which has antimicrobial activity when the heat exchanger is operated in the drying operation mode.

A stacked semiconductor microcooler includes a first and second semiconductor microcooler. Each mircocooler includes silicon fins extending from a silicon substrate. A metal layer may be formed upon the fins. The microcoolers may be positioned such that the fins of each microcooler are aligned. One or more microcoolers may be thermally connected to a surface of a coolant conduit that is thermally connected to an electronic device heat generating device, such as an integrated circuit (IC) chip, or the like. Heat from the electronic device heat generating device may transfer to the one or more microcoolers. A flow of cooled liquid may be introduced through the conduit and heat from the one or more microcoolers may transfer to the liquid coolant.

Provided is an aluminum alloy clad material including an aluminum alloy core material and a first brazing filler metal that is clad on one surface or both surfaces of the core material, wherein the core material and the first brazing filler metal each include an aluminum alloy having a predetermined composition, the existence density of AlMn based intermetallic compounds having a circle-equivalent diameter of at least 0.1 m in the first brazing filler metal before brazing heating is at least 1.010.sup.5 pieces/mm.sup.2, and the existence density of AlMn based intermetallic compounds having a circle-equivalent diameter of at least 2 m in the first brazing filler metal after brazing heating is at least 300 pieces/mm.sup.2. Further provided are a method for producing the aluminum alloy clad material and a heat exchanger employing the aluminum alloy clad material.

A heat transfer device for transferring heat energy to or from a gas or fluid flowing radially across a plurality of posts or tubes includes a plate having a plate surface. A plurality of posts or tubes are disposed on and protrude substantially perpendicular to the plate surface. At least about 50% of the plurality of posts or tubes are disposed according to a phyllotaxis layout. Each arc of a plurality of phyllotaxis spiral arcs of the phyllotaxis layout terminates at different locations along an arc radius on the plate at a phyllotaxis arc termination radius less than a perimeter radius.

Provided is an air conditioner which can suppress refrigerant leakage in a room and has a high safety even when using a flammable refrigerant. The air conditioner includes an indoor apparatus placed in a room, and an outdoor apparatus placed in an outside of the room separated from the room by a wall. The indoor apparatus includes a first refrigerant pipe in which a flammable refrigerant flows. The outdoor apparatus includes a second refrigerant pipe which is connected to the first refrigerant pipe and in which the flammable refrigerant flows. The second refrigerant pipe has a portion smaller in thickness than a minimum-thickness portion of the first refrigerant pipe.

This disclosure provides flow components, methods of additive manufacture, and output manifolds for heat recovery steam generators incorporating flow components. A flow component may include an annular wall that defines a flow path for a fluid. The annular wall may have a normative region and a stress region. The annular wall in the stress region may include a continuous skin to form a portion of the interior wall surface and an additive manufactured mesh adjacent to the continuous skin to the interior of the annular wall. The annular wall in the normative region may have a cross-section with a different structure than the stress region.

A manufacturing method of middle member structure includes steps of applying an external force to a plate body to shape the plate body and form multiple recessed/raised structures and perforating the plate body to form multiple perforations misaligned from the recessed/raised structures so as to achieve a plate body with recessed/raised structures. The middle member structure is applicable to a vapor chamber to enhance the vapor-liquid circulation effect and the support for the internal chamber.

A heat dissipation device is provided. The heat dissipation device includes a container including a first plate, and a second plate spaced apart from the first plate to define an interior space, at least one filler disposed between the first plate and the second plate and configured to support the first plate and the second plate, a wick layer located on an inner wall defined in the interior space by the first plate or the second plate, and a working fluid configured to flow in the interior space in a gaseous state, and flow in the wick layer in a liquefied state, wherein the container further includes a fluoride-based polymer having a predetermined gas permeability.