An object of the present disclosure is to provide a ground-based height measurement method, a ground-based height measurement device, and a program capable of measuring the lowest height of a cable above a ground even when three-dimensional point cloud data of the cable is insufficient. The ground-based height measurement method according to the present disclosure can acquire three-dimensional point cloud data that seems to be a cable by forming a measurement range of a predetermined size above a travel trajectory of MMS (at an arrangement height of the cable). Then, the number of three-dimensional point clouds included in the measurement range is counted and when the number is equal to or larger than a threshold value, the height is measured as a measurement object. The ground-based height measurement method according to the present disclosure can measure the lowest height of the cable above a ground even when the three-dimensional point cloud data of the cable is insufficient because modeling is not performed from the three-dimensional point cloud data.

A laser measuring instrument comprises a light emitter, a driver, a scanning unit, a light receiving signal processing module for detecting a reciprocating time per pulsed light of a distance measuring light and performing a distance measurement, and a timing generating circuit for issuing a timing signal, wherein the timing generating circuit is configured to issue a timing signal for making the light emitter pulse-emit in a short cycle and a timing signal for pausing a light emission, the driver is configured to make the light emitter pulse-emit according to the timing signals, a light emission time interval in the short cycle is set such that a measuring point is multiply irradiated with the pulsed light by two or more times within a time when the pulsed light passes the measuring point, and the light receiving signal processing module is configured to integrate acquired light receiving signals and to carry out the distance measurement.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to a smart hook, a safety harness module (125), and associated electronic components that detect a safety state of a user by monitoring various parameters at the smart hook and safety harness module (125) and determining whether the user is using proper safety protocol at extreme heights and/or whether the user has experienced a height-related accident. In an illustrative example, the user may don a safety harness (115) that may include a module (125) that contains sensors that monitor an acceleration/velocity/position of the user and/or ambient air pressure around the user. The module (125) may receive wireless signals from at least one rebar hook (120a, 120b) having sensors that monitor the acceleration/velocity/position and gate position of the rebar hooks (120a, 120b). A controller included with the safety harness module (125) may use these sensors to advantageously determine the safety state of the user and generate alert/warning signals.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to a smart hook, a safety harness module (125), and associated electronic components that detect a safety state of a user by monitoring various parameters at the smart hook and safety harness module (125) and determining whether the user is using proper safety protocol at extreme heights and/or whether the user has experienced a height-related accident. In an illustrative example, the user may don a safety harness (115) that may include a module (125) that contains sensors that monitor an acceleration/velocity/position of the user and/or ambient air pressure around the user. The module (125) may receive wireless signals from at least one rebar hook (120a, 120b) having sensors that monitor the acceleration/velocity/position and gate position of the rebar hooks (120a, 120b). A controller included with the safety harness module (125) may use these sensors to advantageously determine the safety state of the user and generate alert/warning signals.

A surveying instrument comprises a monopod installed on a reference point, a surveying instrument main body having a reference optical axis and an operation panel, wherein the surveying instrument main body has a distance measuring unit, an arithmetic control module, a measuring direction image pickup module which acquires a first image, and an attitude detector which detects tilts of two axes of the surveying instrument main body to the horizontal, and wherein the operation panel has a display unit, a calculating module, and as operation module, and the at least either one of the arithmetic control module and the calculating module calculates a tilt angle of the reference optical axis to the horizontal and a tilt angle of the monopod to the vertical, and the at least either one measures a horizontal distance and a vertical distance to the object to be measured with reference to the reference point.

A surveying instrument comprises a monopod installed on a reference point, a surveying instrument main body having a reference optical axis and an operation panel, wherein the surveying instrument main body has a distance measuring unit, an arithmetic control module, a measuring direction image pickup module which acquires a first image, and an attitude detector which detects tilts of two axes of the surveying instrument main body to the horizontal, and wherein the operation panel has a display unit, a calculating module, and as operation module, and the at least either one of the arithmetic control module and the calculating module calculates a tilt angle of the reference optical axis to the horizontal and a tilt angle of the monopod to the vertical, and the at least either one measures a horizontal distance and a vertical distance to the object to be measured with reference to the reference point.

In SIB2 there is an entry containing information on PUSCH power control parameters. The current signaling entity is extended with entries that are dependent on UE operational altitude. For example, an altitude-dependent factor for the alpha parameter, or one parameter range for zero (ground level, default as per of today), one parameter range for intermediate altitude operation, and one entry for high-altitude operations, so that an airborne UE can select its appropriate power control parameters.

In SIB2 there is an entry containing information on PUSCH power control parameters. The current signaling entity is extended with entries that are dependent on UE operational altitude. For example, an altitude-dependent factor for the alpha parameter, or one parameter range for zero (ground level, default as per of today), one parameter range for intermediate altitude operation, and one entry for high-altitude operations, so that an airborne UE can select its appropriate power control parameters.

A change in geoid height is measured easily. A geoid measurement method of the present invention executes an inertial measurement data acquiring step, a comparison data acquiring step, a state variable estimating step, and a geoid calculating step. In the inertial measurement data acquiring step, data related to velocity, position, and attitude angle is acquired as inertially-derived data based on the output of an inertial measurement part having a three-axis gyro and a three-axis accelerometer attached to a moving body. In the comparison data acquiring step, data related to velocity is acquired as comparison data from a source other than the inertial measurement part. In the state variable estimating step, state variables including a plumb line deviation are estimated by using the inertially-derived data and the comparison data to apply a Kalman filter in which the plumb line deviation is included in the state variables.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for predicting radio altimeter failures are provided. An example method may include determining a first plurality of altitude values associated with a first radio altimeter, determining a second plurality of altitude values associated with a second radio altimeter, calculating a first level feature based at least in part on the first plurality of altitude values and the second plurality of altitude values, and determining a radio altimeter failure indicator based at least in part on the first level feature.