Disclosed is a thermocouple assembly having a resilient mount; a buffer having a first side and a second side, with the buffer first side connecting with the resilient mount; an insulator having a first side and a second side, with the insulator first side connecting with the buffer second side; and a thermocouple having a first side and a second side, the thermocouple first side connecting with the insulator second side, and the thermocouple second side being configured to be in thermal contact with an object to be measured.

A substrate treatment method in accordance with an exemplary embodiment includes: heating a substrate, for a substrate treatment process, so that a temperature of the substrate reaches a target temperature; calculating the temperature of the substrate using a sensor located facing the substrate while heating the substrate; and controlling an operation of a heating part configured to heat the substrate according to the temperature calculated from the calculating the temperature, wherein the calculating the temperature comprises: measuring a total radiant energy (E.sub.t) radiated from the substrate using the sensor; calculating a corrected total emissivity (ε.sub.t0) by applying a correction value for correcting the total emissivity (ε.sub.t) which is the emissivity of the radiant energy (E.sub.t); and calculating the temperature (T.sub.s) of the substrate using the total radiant energy (E.sub.t) and the corrected total emissivity (ε.sub.t0).

A thermowell assembly for use in measuring a temperature of a process fluid includes an elongate thermowell body configured to mount to a process vessel and extend into the process fluid. An elongate bore extends along a length of the thermowell body from a proximal end of the thermowell body proximate a wall of the process vessel to a sealed distal end of the thermowell body positioned in the process fluid. A side bore extends from an exterior of the thermowell assembly to the elongate bore. The side bore is positioned outside of the process vessel. A verification valve includes an inlet coupled to the side bore at the exterior of the thermowell assembly and further includes an outlet.

In one aspect, a temperature sensing assembly includes a thermowell, a temperature sensor, and at least one electrically conductive element. The thermowell includes a first gas impermeable barrier element defining a first chamber and a second gas impermeable barrier element defining a second chamber. The temperature sensor is at least partially disposed within the first chamber. The at least one electrically conductive element is connected to the temperature sensor in the second chamber.

Examples of an integrated active fiber optic temperature measuring device are disclosed. The integrated temperature measuring device comprises a fiber optic probe and an optoelectronic circuitry integrated into a single device which is then individually calibrated. The fiber optic probe has a fiber bundle with an active material at the tip of the probe. The optoelectronic circuitry is connected to the fiber optic probe. The optoelectronic circuitry includes a light source configured to provide an excitation light to the active material, a detector to detect the emitted light, a processing unit configured to determine a temperature based on a change in an emission intensity at a single wavelength range or the change in intensity ratio of two or more wavelength ranges, a lifetime decay, or a shift in emission wavelength peak of the emitted light, and a calibration means configured to calibrate the integrated active fiber optic temperature sensor.

The surface temperature of a portable device is estimated. The portable device includes a sensor for detecting the internal temperature of the portable device. The portable device also includes circuitry for estimating the surface temperature, using the internal temperature and an ambient temperature of the portable device as input to a circuit model. The circuit model describes thermal behaviors of the portable device. The circuitry is operative to identify a scenario in which the portable device operates, and determine the ambient temperature using the scenario and at least the internal temperature.

A temperature sensing assembly includes first and second temperature sensors disposed within an elongate mineral insulated conductive sheath. A junction point of the first temperature sensor is electrically connected to the conductive sheath. The second temperature sensor is electrically isolated from the conductive sheath. Measurements obtained from the electrically isolated temperature sensor can be used to test insulation resistance of the assembly or temperature indications from the electrically isolated temperature sensor can be compared to measurements taken from the electrically connected junction point to take a variety of corrective actions during use of the temperature sensing assembly, such as adjusting the installation of the assembly or applying correction factors to measurements obtained from one of the temperature sensors.

Temperature monitoring devices have a primary body with an inner circular perimeter, a temperature monitoring segment held by the primary body, the temperature monitoring segment comprising an inwardly extending thermal probe, and a fastener assembly segment held by the primary body at a location that is circumferentially spaced apart from the temperature monitoring segment. The fastener assembly segment has a circumferentially extending bracket that can be radially extended in a direction that is toward the inner circular perimeter of the device.

Methods for thermographic inspection of structures are disclosed. An example method includes positioning at least one of a heat source or a camera in a cavity defined by a first side of a structure of an aircraft and positioning the other one of the heat source or the camera at a second side of the structure opposite the first side; applying heat to the least one of the first side or the second side of the structure; measuring thermal energy emitted from the other one of the first side or the second side opposite the heat source; and identifying a defect or inclusion of the structure based on the measured thermal energy.

Exemplary systems for detecting water include: a light source positioned to transmit thermal radiation through a sample; a lens assembly positioned to: receive the thermal radiation transmitted through the sample; and focus the transmitted thermal radiation onto a filter positioned between the lens assembly and a detector; and a cooling subsystem for cooling the filter and the detector to a temperature below that of the sample. The filter (1) selectively transmits first portions of the thermal radiation received from the lens assembly and characterized by a wavelength at least partially overlapping a predefined water absorption band and/or a predefined water absorption line; and (2) selectively blocks second portions of the thermal radiation received from the lens assembly and characterized by a wavelength outside the predefined water absorption band and/or the predefined water absorption line. Methods for detecting presence of water in a sample are also disclosed.