A thermal sensor including a thermal sensing array and a calibration circuit is provided. The thermal sensing array includes a plurality of thermal sensing cells. The thermal sensing cells include a first unmasked thermal sensing cell and a first masked thermal sensing cell. The first unmasked thermal sensing cell senses and obtains a first unmasked sensing data. The first masked thermal sensing cell is disposed adjacent to the first unmasked thermal sensing cell, and the first masked thermal sensing cell obtains a first masked sensing data. The calibration circuit is coupled to the first masked thermal sensing cell and the first unmasked thermal sensing cell. The calibration circuit calibrates the first unmasked sensing data obtained by the first unmasked thermal sensing cell according to the first masked sensing data obtained by the first masked thermal sensing cell to which the first unmasked thermal sensing cell is adjacent.

Provided in this disclosure are systems and methods for determining a confidence level of a sensor measurement of a sensor. A system may include a sensor array, which includes a plurality of sensors configured to detect a physical phenomenon. Each sensor of the sensor array may generate an output signal that includes measurement datum related to the detected physical phenomenon, which may be received by a controller of the system. Controller may compare the measurement datum from a selected sensor to other sensors of the sensor array to determine the confidence level of the selected sensor.

Provided in this disclosure are systems and methods for determining a confidence level of a sensor measurement of a sensor. A system may include a sensor array, which includes a plurality of sensors configured to detect a physical phenomenon. Each sensor of the sensor array may generate an output signal that includes measurement datum related to the detected physical phenomenon, which may be received by a controller of the system. Controller may compare the measurement datum from a selected sensor to other sensors of the sensor array to determine the confidence level of the selected sensor.

A temperature measurement system of a vehicle includes a controller, a first temperature sensor associated with a first location, and a second temperature sensor associated with a second location. The temperature measurement system is calibratable based upon a comparison of a temperature of the first location and a temperature of the second location, wherein the temperature of at least one of the first location and the second location is determined after a predetermined time from an end of operation of the vehicle.

A temperature sensor evaluation method is mentioned. The temperature sensor is arranged in a memory device and includes a comparator, a voltage divider and a band gap reference voltage source. The comparator compares a temperature reference voltage that varies with temperature with a plurality of divided voltages generated by the voltage divider. The evaluation method for a plurality of predetermined testing temperatures includes changing the plurality of divided voltages of the voltage divider, using the comparator to compare the divided voltages with the temperature reference voltage to determine the first detection voltage, and based on the voltage difference between a target divided voltage and the first detection voltage, retrieving the value of a temperature error between the sensing temperature of the temperature sensor and the testing temperature.

The present invention discloses a method for regulating temperature in a temperature calibrator, taking into account also a velocity of the change of the temperature. The characterizing features are the steps of calculating a rate of change of the actual temperature of the temperature calibrator by a derivator, which derivator takes the measured temperature, PV.sub.T, by the temperature sensor as its input, and letting a user to specify a maximum rate of change for the temperature, as an input value for the processor; and regulating the temperature of the temperature calibrator by the processor so that the maximum rate of change for the temperature is never exceeded, and so that during temperature regulation, when the temperature error signal decreases as a function of time, also the rate of change of the actual temperature is set to decrease as a function of time.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for automated measurement of the temperatures of samples on a production line without any human intervention. In one aspect the apparatus has a conveyance system; and a temperature measurement unit having: a first member and a second member which are movable relative to each other between at least a first position in which the first and second members cooperate to form an internal space which is substantially internally reflective of radiofrequency radiation and a second position in which the object can be introduced into said internal space; and a radiometer arranged so that it is coupled to said internal space, wherein the conveyance system is arranged to convey the object to a measurement position in said internal space whilst the first and second members are in the second position, for a measurement of the radiation emitted from the object to be performed by the radiometer when the first and second members are in the first position and to convey the object away from said measurement position once the measurement has been performed and said first and second members have returned to the second position. The apparatus allows for recording and storing of measured temperature information. Embodiments of the invention provide for auto-calibration of the apparatus and automated testing and rejection of samples which do not meet pre-defined criteria.

A method for calibrating an electronic assembly during a manufacturing process is provided, including the steps: determining a calibration value for the assembly which for a predefined input value gives a deviation between an actual output value output by the assembly and a predefined desired output value, transmitting the calibration value to the assembly, and storing the calibration value in the assembly, wherein the calibration value of the assembly is determined by a machine learning method executed in a calibration device, and the machine learning method is trained by training data, which include historical calibration values of a plurality of assemblies of the same type and parameters of assemblies of the same type, which are dependent on the manufacturing process and/or express physical properties.

An on-chip temperature sensor for generating a digital output signal representing a temperature value includes: a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) buffer for alternately generating a first voltage signal representing a first temperature of the PTAT buffer and a second voltage signal representing a second temperature of the PTAT buffer; an analog to digital (A/D) converter, coupled to the PTAT buffer, for converting the first voltage signal to a first digital voltage signal and for converting the second voltage signal to a second digital voltage signal; and a digital output generating block, for receiving the first digital voltage signal and the second digital voltage signal, and comparing a difference between the first digital voltage signal and the second digital voltage signal with a digital voltage reference signal to generate the digital output signal.

A method that determines a correct or an incorrect position of a temperature sensor in an emission control system, the method including: determining a first reference temperature within a first temperature interval; measuring a first temperature with the temperature sensor corresponding to the first temperature interval; determining a second reference temperature within a second temperature interval; measuring a second temperature with the temperature sensor corresponding to the second temperature interval; determining a value for a characteristic parameter based on the first reference temperature, the first measured temperature, the second reference temperature and the second measured temperature; comparing the determined value for the characteristic parameter with a predetermined characteristic parameter threshold value that is based upon the determined operation parameter results for different positions of the temperature sensor for predetermined engine operation characteristics; and based upon the comparison, determining a correct or an incorrect position of the temperature sensor.