The temperature of inverters and power semiconductor devices is detected at high speed and with high accuracy. The electronic control circuit includes a vector instruction circuit for calculating an efficiency value of an inverter corresponding to a torque instruction value, and a temperature estimation circuit for estimating a temperature of the power semiconductor element based on the efficiency value of the inverter and a duty cycle for driving the power semiconductor element constituting the inverter.

A method monitors a line for changed ambient conditions. The line has a measuring line with a predetermined length and a measuring conductor surrounded by insulation having a known dielectric constant. In the method, an analog signal having a predetermined frequency is generated, the signal is divided into a reference signal and an operating signal, the operating signal is fed into the measuring conductor, a return signal obtained from the operating signal is combined with the reference signal and by a phase shift between the reference signal and the return signal, a measure is determined for the changed condition, particularly for a temperature change.

A method of diagnosing a fault of a timer for monitoring an engine off time is capable of accurately determining whether a timer that monitors an engine off time between a previous start off time and a next start on time of an engine has an error by using an engine coolant temperature, an engine oil temperature, a fuel tank pressure, a fuel tank temperature, and an outside air temperature.

A method is disclosed for determining a current temperature of a heating element with a PTC thermistor property (PTC) with which a urea-water solution for cleaning the exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine of nitrogen oxides can be heated. According to the invention there is provision that a correction factor is formed from the quotient of a minimum resistance of the heating element and of a minimum resistance of a reference heating element, in that a resistance which is determined at a current temperature of the heating element is multiplied by the correction factor, and in that the current temperature of the heating element is determined from the corrected resistance value and a temperature dependence of the resistance of the reference heating element. The method according to the invention permits more precise determination and regulation of the temperature of the heating element.

A temperature monitoring system includes an enclosure, an external temperature sensor, and an internal temperature sensor. The enclosure may be explosion-proof, and may include a controller and an internal display disposed within the enclosure. The external temperature sensor may be configured to detect an outside temperature, and the internal temperature sensor may be configured to detect a temperature inside the enclosure. Upon the external temperature sensor and/or the internal temperature sensor detecting a temperature that meets or exceeds a set or specified value or limit, the system may be configured to implement an action or order. In an embodiment of the system, the system may be configured to stop fueling in the event that the external temperature sensor and/or the interior temperature sensor detect a temperature that meets or exceeds a certain temperature.

A method ascertains a state of a product in a plurality of time periods using a detection unit associated with the product. The method including the following for each of the time periods: setting a configuration of the detection unit at a beginning of the respective time period, the configuration different than a configuration available beforehand, and detecting at least one measured value using the detection unit in the respective time period on the basis of the set configuration.

The present invention provide a temperature sensor including a sensor main body having a contact surface for contacting with the upper surface of a battery cell, a mounting member holding the sensor main body and attaching it to the battery cell, and a coil spring arranged between the sensor main body and the mounting member. When viewing from an opposite side to the contact surface, the center P1 of the contact surface coincides with the center P2 of a trajectory connecting a pressing point pressed by the coil spring. When the mounting member is inclined due to inclination of a resin member mounted on the upper surface of the battery, the temperature sensor can absorb all inclinations by the coil spring, and prevent the contact surface away from the upper surface of the battery cell.

A server device includes a controller. The controller is configured to acquire temperature information that is information associated with a temperature of a predetermined area inside a vehicle, the predetermined area being configured to store a luggage and the predetermined area being configured to be locked and unlocked. The controller is configured to acquire luggage information that is information on the luggage to be stored in the predetermined area, and determine whether the predetermined area is an environment suitable for storage of the luggage at a scheduled storage time of the luggage based on the luggage information and the temperature information.

A vehicle drive device includes: a casing within which lubricating oil is received; a rotating electrical machine provided within the casing, and including a stator with a coil; a temperature sensor provided within the casing; and a control device that functions as: a coil temperature estimation device executing a first temperature estimation in which correlation with a detected temperature is relatively high, and a second temperature estimation in which the correlation is relatively low; a determination device determining whether or not positional relationship between the temperature sensor and oil level is in a permitted state that permits the first temperature estimation; and a limitation device limiting load factor of the rotating electrical machine based on a result of the first temperature estimation when being in the permitted state, and limiting the load factor based on a result of the second temperature estimation when not being in the permitted state.

Systems and methods are provided to detect and issue warning signal when an occupant(s) inside a dangerous vehicle. An exemplary system and method may include operations and/or instructions comprising measuring temperature at multiple zones; calculating temperature gradients versus time and space; calculating distances among temperatures and among temperature gradients; analyzing temperatures, temperature gradients, distances and their histories to detecting an occupant(s) inside a vehicle; and giving out warning alarms when an occupant(s) inside the vehicle.