An electrical contact element for a plug connector includes an electrically conductive base body electrically connected to a mating contact element, the base body having a longitudinal axis extending along a plugging direction between the contact element and the mating contact element, and a first temperature probe and a second temperature probe arranged at a pair of different measurement regions of the contact element spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal axis.

The vehicle driving system capable of performing control of switching between automatic driving by a vehicle and manual driving by a driver, includes: a temperature monitoring section configured to monitor a temperature of an automatic driving ECU which controls the automatic driving; and a control section configured to control, on the basis of the temperature of the automatic driving ECU, an operation for prompting the driver to perform the switching to the manual driving during the automatic driving.

A structure for assembling a temperature sensor of an annular terminal unit for a drive motor. The structure includes a terminal holder having an annular shape, a temperature sensor fixed to the terminal holder, a plurality of cores radially arranged on a lower surface of the terminal holder, a bobbin inserted into each of the plurality of cores, and a stator coil wound around each of the bobbins. The temperature sensor passes through the terminal holder in a vertical direction of the terminal holder and is inserted between the bobbins around which the stator coils are wound.

A tuning method for a clutch temperature estimation model may include, generating n tuning genes, calculating a tuning value corresponding to a tuning variable by using information of each of the n tuning genes, calculating a temperature estimation accuracy by applying the calculated tuning value to the clutch temperature estimation model, extracting n tuning genes of highest calculated accuracies, and regenerating m tuning genes through recombination of the extracted n tuning genes.

A temperature measurement system of a vehicle includes a controller, a first temperature sensor associated with a first location, and a second temperature sensor associated with a second location. The temperature measurement system is calibratable based upon a comparison of a temperature of the first location and a temperature of the second location, wherein the temperature of at least one of the first location and the second location is determined after a predetermined time from an end of operation of the vehicle.

An attachment structure of temperature sensor includes: a temperature sensor for attached to a single battery and detecting a temperature of the single battery; a temperature measuring element provided in the temperature sensor and detecting the temperature of the single battery; a sensor body provided in the temperature sensor and integrally formed with the temperature measuring element; a housing holding case provided with the single battery, having a engagement part engageable with the temperature sensor, the housing holding case for housing the temperature sensor; an elastic part having an arm shape, projected from the sensor body, and engageable with the engagement part; and a flat part provided in the elastic part, and pressing a pressing surface of an attachment tool against the elastic part when the temperature sensor is housed in the housing holding case.

A method calculates temperatures in an electric drive unit. A first temperature detection region has a first temperature and a second temperature detection region has a second temperature. The first temperature is influenced by a first coupling value which is non-linearly dependent on the first temperature and the temperature at the first and second temperature detection regions. The calculations are divided among separate calculation units such that the temperatures can be estimated in real time.

Provided are a temperature sensor that performs high-speed sensing, whose cost is low, and whose layout is freely designed, the temperature sensor eliminating the need for complicated operations, and a method for manufacturing the temperature sensor. In a temperature sensor 1, terminal portions 9 of a connector portion 7 are exposed to an outside of a pipe section 2, a connector-side embedded portion 8 of the connector portion 7 is embedded in an embedding portion 4 of a side wall portion 3, an exposed portion 12 of a housing portion 11 is disposed in the pipe section 2, and an embedded base 13 of the housing portion 11 is embedded in the embedding portion 4. The housing portion 11 is made of a metal.

An engine system includes a delta pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure difference across an engine exhaust handling component and an electronic control system configured to determine a cold sensor condition permitting icing of the delta pressure sensor, determine a sensed pressure deviation condition indicative of deviation of the pressure difference sensed by the delta pressure sensor from a deviation limit, dynamically model a sensor heat transfer condition indicative of heating or cooling of the delta pressure sensor, determine that the sensor heat transfer condition is indicative of insufficient heating of the delta pressure sensor to mitigate icing of the delta pressure sensor, and determine an icing condition of the delta pressure sensor.

A chargeable battery temperature estimation apparatus estimating an internal temperature of a chargeable battery includes a processor performing when executing the instructions stored in a memory: acquiring a detected current value output from a current sensor configured to detect a current flowing in the chargeable battery; calculating a heating value on the basis of the detected current value, the heating value estimating heat generated inside the chargeable battery; acquiring a detected external temperature value output from a temperature sensor configured to detect an external temperature of the chargeable battery; estimating the internal temperature of the chargeable battery based on the calculated heating value and the detected temperature value; and outputting the estimated internal temperature.