The present invention relates to a device for monitoring a temperature variation undergone by a product, which detects a drop in temperature below a predetermined temperature threshold (T.sub.cs), comprising: a sealed casing (I) which defines a containment space (V), and a mixture contained, or containable, in said containment compartment (V) which comprises a liquid phase (S) and a solid (D) comprising metal particles having an average nanometric size comprised between 1 and 300 nm and a coating layer (R) of said particles. This coating (R) comprises an organic material and is configured in such a way that, in a configuration of use of the device at a first temperature (T.sub.1) greater than said threshold temperature (T.sub.cs), it allows the maintenance of the solid (D) in solution in said liquid phase (S), in which the particles are separated from each other, while at a crystallization temperature (T.sub.2) of said liquid phase (S), being said temperature (T.sub.2) equal to or lower than said threshold temperature (T.sub.cs), the coating layer (R) separates from the metal particles allowing an aggregation of the metal particles. The mixture undergoes an irreversible loss of optical properties, allowing the detection of undesired temperature variation.

The present disclosure discloses a concentration and temperature measurement method for the magnetic nanoparticles based on paramagnetic shift, which measures magnetic nanoparticle concentration and temperature by utilizing a nuclear magnetic resonance device to measure chemical shifts of a liquid sample containing the paramagnetic particles, thereby efficiently achieving high-accuracy concentration and temperature measurement. Paramagnetic magnetic nanoparticles are added to the nuclear paramagnetic resonance sample reagent, and paramagnetic shifts of the sample are obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance. Resonance frequencies are obtained by the paramagnetic shifts, magnetic susceptibilities are obtained according to the relationship between the resonance frequencies and the magnetic susceptibilities of the magnetic nanoparticles, and then the concentration information and temperature information of the sample are obtained by inverse solution according to the relationship between the magnetic susceptibility and the concentration and temperature of the magnetic nanoparticles. From the simulation data, concentration measurement and high-precision temperature measurement of the magnetic nanoparticle samples can be effectively realized by the paramagnetic displacement information.

There is provided a semiconductor nanocrystal or quantum dot comprising a core made of a material and at least one shell made of another material. Also there is provided a composite comprising a plurality of such nanocrystals or quantum dots. Moreover, there is provided a method of measuring the temperature of an object or area, comprising using a temperature sensor comprising a semiconductor nanocrystal or quantum dot of the invention.

Carbon nanotube-based multi-sensors for packaging applications and methods to form the carbon nanotube-based multi-sensors are capable of simultaneously measuring at least two measurands including temperature, strain, and humidity via changes in its electrical properties.

In some embodiments, phonon based temperature measuring apparatuses include a light source positioned to direct a light toward a prism-resonant cavity interface of an optical resonant cavity inducing an evanescent wave that is guided into the resonant cavity having surface phonon polariton properties; a detector positioned proximate the resonant cavity and configured to detect reflected light from the prism-resonant cavity interface; and a temperature calculator coupled with the detector and configured to determine evanescent light coupling to one or more phonon polariton modes from the resonant cavity, calculate a quality factor as a function of a frequency spectrum of at least one of the one or more phonon polariton modes, and determine a temperature of a dielectric material within the resonant cavity as a function of the quality factor.

A sensor for detecting a temperature distribution imparted on a substrate in an environment is disclosed. The sensor includes a sensor substrate with one or more temperature sensing elements formed on the sensor substrate. In embodiments, a temperature sensing element includes at least one cavity with a thermally expandable material disposed within the cavity and a channel extending from the cavity with a slug disposed within the channel. In embodiments, the cavity has a fixed volume and is enclosed by a cover layer disposed or formed over the cavity. The thermally expandable material is configured to extend from the cavity into the channel to actuate the slug from a first position within the channel to at least a second position within the channel, where the position of the slug is indicative of a temperature of a respective portion of the sensor substrate.

An approach to nanoscale thermometry that utilizes coherent manipulation of the electronic spin associated with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond is disclosed. The methods and apparatus allow for detection of temperature variations down to milli-Kelvin resolution, at nanometer length scales. This biologically compatible approach to thermometry offers superior temperature sensitivity and reproducibility with a reduced measurement time. The disclosed apparatus can be used to study heat-generating intracellular processes.

Various examples are provided related to scanning tunneling thermometers and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques. In one example, a method includes simultaneously measuring conductance and thermopower of a nanostructure by toggling between: applying a time modulated voltage to a nanostructure disposed on an interconnect structure, the time modulated voltage applied at a probe tip positioned over the nanostructure, while measuring a resulting current at a contact of the interconnect structure; and applying a time modulated temperature signal to the nanostructure at the probe tip, while measuring current through a calibrated thermoresistor in series with the probe tip. In another example, a device includes an interconnect structure with connections to a first reservoir and a second reservoir; and a scanning tunneling probe in contact with a probe reservoir. Electrical measurements are simultaneously obtained for temperature and voltage applied to a nanostructure between the reservoirs.

Some demonstrative embodiments include an apparatus of a temperature sensor to sense temperature, the apparatus including a first pad on a silicon substrate; a second pad on the silicon substrate; a silicon nanowire having a first end coupled to the first pad and a second end coupled to the second pad, the silicon nanowire configured to drive a current between the first pad and the second pad, the current depending at least on the temperature; and a charged dielectric layer covering at least three sides of the silicon nanowire.

Tires formed of one or more tire plies are disclosed. In some implementations, tire plies may include a temperature sensor that may detect a temperature of a respective tire ply. The temperature sensor may include one or more split-ring resonators (SRRs), each having a resonance frequency that changes in response to one or more of a change in an elastomeric property or a change in the temperature of a respective one or more tire plies. In some aspects, the temperature sensor may include an electrically-conductive layer dielectrically separated from a respective one or more SRRs.