In some examples, a method for generating an interactive three-dimensional quantitative thermal heat flow mapping of an environment comprises generating a three-dimensional representation of the environment, the representation comprising multiple surfaces defining respective boundaries of the environment, generating a thermal image representing a surface temperature at multiple points on respective ones of the surfaces of the environment within the three-dimensional representation, determining a measure for an ambient temperature within the environment, determining respective measures for incident radiant temperature of the surfaces, determining respective measures for the emissivity of the surfaces, providing a measure of temperature outside of a surface, calculating, at each of the multiple points, a value for the instantaneous heat flow per unit area using the measures for surface temperature, ambient temperature within the environment and incident radiant temperature of the surfaces, and using the values for the instantaneous heat flow per unit area, and the measure of temperature outside of a surface, calculating respective measures for thermal transmittance at the multiple points.

A contact thermography kit comprising a plurality of temperature sensitive thermographic plates arranged to be placed in contact with the skin of a user, where each plate is adapted to assume a graphic pattern as a function of a detected temperature interval, so as to generate a corresponding thermographic image, and the plurality of plates is adapted to measure temperatures between 24° and 36°.

The present disclosure provides a system and a method for measuring hot-spot temperature of a transformer, wherein the measurement system comprises a processor, an oscilloscope and a plurality of ultrasonic sensors, wherein the ultrasonic sensors are oppositely arranged on an outer wall of a transformer oil tank and electrically connected with the oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is electrically connected with the processor; the ultrasonic sensors receive signals transmitted by the oppositely arranged ultrasonic sensors and transmit them to the oscilloscope. The method, by applying an ultrasonic wave to measure the hot-spot temperature of a transformer in real time, solves the problems that methods in the prior art are susceptible to the external environment, have short service life and cannot correctly measure the internal temperature of the transformer.

A temperature adjustment apparatus configured to perform temperature adjustment and control for each fine zone of a substrate, a multi-zone temperature adjustment apparatus including the same, and a multi-zone temperature adjustment type substrate supporting apparatus are proposed. The temperature adjustment apparatus includes a first power source, a second power source, an ammeter connected to the second power source in series and configured to measure a current value of the second power source, a heater inducing a first direction current to dissipate heat energy while being connected to the first power source in series during a heating time period, a temperature sensor inducing a second direction current while being connected to the second power source in series during a sensing time period, and a switch controller controlling connection between the first power source and the heater and connection between the second power source and the temperature sensor.

A technique for measuring the resistance of a resistive element 4 in the presence of a series diode is provided. By supplying three different currents I.sub.1, I.sub.2, I.sub.3 and measuring corresponding voltages V.sub.1, V.sub.2, V.sub.3 across the resistive element and diode, the voltages can be combined to at least partially eliminate an error in the measured resistance of the resistive element caused by a voltage drop across the diode. A technique for current control in an array of resistive elements is also described in which a column of resistive elements is provided with two or more current sources switched so that while one current source is providing current to the column line corresponding to a selected resistive element, another current source has its amount of current adjusted.

The present disclosure relates to a diagnostic device for a field device from the field of automation technology, comprising a control unit, a sensor carrier, a stereo acoustic sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier, a first temperature sensor, which is fastened at a first position on the sensor carrier, and a second temperature sensor, which is fastened at a second position on the sensor carrier. The first position and the second position are remote from one another owing to a first spacing. The sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded such that the first spacing is changed.

The disclosure generally relates to devices and techniques for operating an electronic apparatus that controls a sensor, the devices and techniques including acquiring first sensing data through the sensor, identifying a data variation based on the first sensing data and sensing data for a first time point and a second time point acquired in advance based on a sampling period of the sensor, identifying target data among a plurality of predetermined meaningful data based on the identified data variation and determining a time point at which the target data is to be acquired, and controlling the sampling period based on the determined time point.

A method including steps of (1) heating, with a heating system, an apparatus comprising an enclosure assembly and a temperature emulation assembly positioned within said enclosure assembly; (2) thermally isolating said temperature emulation assembly from said heating system with said enclosure assembly; (3) permitting conductive heat transfer to said temperature emulation assembly only through an enclosure assembly-leading end of said enclosure assembly; and (4) representing a hottest temperature and a coldest temperature of an article being emulated by said apparatus with said temperature emulation assembly.

A method and system for optimizing RF energy delivery to a tissue ROI with a thermoacoustic system includes directing with a RF applicator, RF energy pulses into the tissue ROI having an object of interest and a reference separated by a boundary; detecting with a thermoacoustic transducer, a multi-polar thermoacoustic signal generated at the boundary in response to the RF energy pulses and processing the multi-polar acoustic signal to determine a peak-to-peak amplitude; detecting with the thermoacoustic transducer, an artifact multi-polar thermoacoustic signal generated at a location other than the boundary and processing it to determine a peak-to-peak amplitude; utilizing an electromagnetic model coupled with a model of patient anatomy to place dielectric or conducting materials near the thermoacoustic transducer or the RF applicator to optimize a signal-to-noise ratio of the multi-polar thermoacoustic signal generated at the boundary or minimize the artifact multi-polar thermoacoustic signal generated at a location other than the boundary; and directing with the RF applicator, RF energy pulses into the ROI for a thermoacoustic measurement and determine a parameter of the object of interest.

The present invention relates to a sensor for measuring temperature of a fluid within a vessel, the vessel having a first region and a second region and the fluid having a temperature profile extending between the first region and the second region, the sensor comprising an array of elements, each element having a temperature-dependent parameter, the array being capable of deployment within or adjacent the vessel such that the array extends along the vessel for measuring the temperature profile, the elements of the array being coupled together between an input and an output, the input being coupled or capable of being coupled to a driving source for driving the sensors, and the output being coupled or capable of being coupled to a detector for measuring an aggregate of the temperature-dependent parameter from the array of elements. The invention further relates to a fluid temperature controller comprising a first input for receiving a first signal indicating a measurement of an aggregate of a temperature-dependent parameter from a sensor deployed within or adjacent a vessel containing a fluid having a temperature profile, a second input for receiving a second signal indicating a (preferably absolute) temperature of the fluid in the vessel and a processor configured to calculate a total thermal energy of the fluid in the vessel based on the first and second signals. The invention also relates to a combination comprising a sensing arrangement and a controller; a device; and a system.