An overvoltage arrester for high voltages having a high-voltage terminal that is connected to an arrester block forming a nonlinear resistor, and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the arrester block. In order to enable a simple and reliable detection of the temperature of the arrester block continually during the operation thereof, the temperature sensor detects a change of the longitudinal extent of the arrester block.

A system for determining the position of a piston in a subsea accumulator, comprising: a sensor module comprising: a housing; an ultrasonic transducer facing the piston and configured to transmit an ultrasonic pulse through a fluid medium toward a surface of the piston; a pressure sensor configured to; and a temperature sensor; a control connector coupled to the sensor module capable of providing hardware and software functions to measure transit time of the ultrasonic signal from the ultrasonic transducer to the surface of the piston, comprising electronics for controlling the ultrasonic transducer, pressure sensor and temperature sensor; wherein the transit times of the ultrasonic signals across the fluid medium are measured and combined with a computed velocity of sound as a function of temperature/pressure to determine the distance between the ultrasonic transducer and the surface of the piston.

A system for determining the position of a piston in a subsea accumulator, comprising: a sensor module comprising: a housing; an ultrasonic transducer facing the piston and configured to transmit an ultrasonic pulse through a fluid medium toward a surface of the piston; a pressure sensor configured to; and a temperature sensor; a control connector coupled to the sensor module capable of providing hardware and software functions to measure transit time of the ultrasonic signal from the ultrasonic transducer to the surface of the piston, comprising electronics for controlling the ultrasonic transducer, pressure sensor and temperature sensor; wherein the transit times of the ultrasonic signals across the fluid medium are measured and combined with a computed velocity of sound as a function of temperature/pressure to determine the distance between the ultrasonic transducer and the surface of the piston.

In order to configure a housing (3) for a sensor received in the housing as deformation stable as possible the housing is made integrally in one piece from metal instead of being made from plastic and furthermore the pass through openings (6a, b) for attaching the sensor by bolting to another component are sized and positioned so that impartible forces are not able to deform the housing (3) which has a defined stability.

In order to configure a housing (3) for a sensor received in the housing as deformation stable as possible the housing is made integrally in one piece from metal instead of being made from plastic and furthermore the pass through openings (6a, b) for attaching the sensor by bolting to another component are sized and positioned so that impartible forces are not able to deform the housing (3) which has a defined stability.

Tensiometer device for measuring soil water tension. A pair of screws secures a load cell or strain gauge to an inner frame, a dowel pin transmits force to the load cell, a polymer chamber is enclosed on one side by a rubber dam that retains the polymer within the polymer chamber, and a hydrophilic porous window covers the rubber dam. A second pair of screws secure an outer frame to the inner frame holding the components of one or more tensiometers spaced across the frame, and an end cap. The load cell acts as a strain gauge transferring the force exerted on it as a change in electrical voltage that can be converted to a soil water tension (SWT) measurement.

An electrical resistance strain gage includes a uniformly distributed electrical resistance of the active measuring area and a discrete electrical trim resistance within an active measuring are. The trim resistance may include an electrical conductor in an electrically parallel circuit such that the electrical conductor may be selectively electrically removed from the strain gage to trim the electrical resistance of the strain gage. The trim resistance does not modify the active strain sensing area or uniform grid length.

A fault detection system includes a sensor configured to measure a physical quantity and generate a measurement of the physical quantity; a first processor configured to receive the measurement, execute a first firmware based on the measurement, and output a first result of the executed first firmware; a second processor configured to receive the measurement from the sensor, execute a second firmware based on the measurement, and output a second result of the executed second firmware, wherein the first firmware and the second firmware provide a same nominal function in a diverse manner for calculating the first result and the second result, respectively, such that the first result and the second result are expected to be within a predetermined margin; and a fault detection circuit configured to detect a fault when the first result and the second result are not within the predetermined margin.

A fault detection system includes a sensor configured to measure a physical quantity and generate a measurement of the physical quantity; a first processor configured to receive the measurement, execute a first firmware based on the measurement, and output a first result of the executed first firmware; a second processor configured to receive the measurement from the sensor, execute a second firmware based on the measurement, and output a second result of the executed second firmware, wherein the first firmware and the second firmware provide a same nominal function in a diverse manner for calculating the first result and the second result, respectively, such that the first result and the second result are expected to be within a predetermined margin; and a fault detection circuit configured to detect a fault when the first result and the second result are not within the predetermined margin.

A triboelectric power system includes a triboelectric generator, a rechargeable energy storage unit and a power management circuit. The rechargeable energy storage unit is associated to the triboelectric generator. The power management circuit is configured to receive an input current from the triboelectric generator and to deliver an output current corresponding to the input current to the rechargeable battery so that the output current has a current direction and a voltage that will recharge the rechargeable battery.