A misfire detection device for an internal combustion engine is provided. A mapping takes time series data of instantaneous speed parameters as inputs. Each instantaneous speed parameter corresponds to one of a plurality of successive second intervals in a first interval. The instantaneous speed parameters correspond to the rotational speed of the crankshaft. The first interval is a rotational angular interval of the crankshaft in which compression top dead center occurs. The second interval is smaller than an interval between compression top dead center positions. The mapping outputs a probability that a misfire has occurred in at least one cylinder that reaches compression top dead center in the first interval. The mapping data defining the mapping has been learned by machine learning.

A misfire detection device for an internal combustion engine is provided. A mapping takes time series data of instantaneous speed parameters as inputs. Each instantaneous speed parameter corresponds to one of a plurality of successive second intervals in a first interval. The instantaneous speed parameters correspond to the rotational speed of the crankshaft. The first interval is a rotational angular interval of the crankshaft in which compression top dead center occurs. The second interval is smaller than an interval between compression top dead center positions. The mapping outputs a probability that a misfire has occurred in at least one cylinder that reaches compression top dead center in the first interval. The mapping data defining the mapping has been learned by machine learning.

A pedal value generator 14 for a motor vehicle 30, a pedal value generator arrangement 10 and a method for controlling a motor vehicle 30 are described. A first pedal actuating surface 16 and, at a distance thereto, a second pedal actuating surface 18 are arranged on a cross member 20. A sensor arrangement 24 detects a torque M of the cross member 20 with respect to a torque axis X arranged between the first and second pedal actuating surfaces 16, 18 and for supplying an electrical actuation signal B1, B2 as a function of torque M. When an actuating force acts upon first pedal actuating surface 16 motor vehicle 30 can be accelerated and when an actuating force acts upon second pedal actuating surface 18 it can be decelerated.

An electronic device includes a receiver, a computer memory device and a processor for calculating a human input force and/or a human input power that are inputted to a drive train of a human powered vehicle. The receiver receives first information with respect to torque applied to the drive train, and receives at least one of second information with respect to a gear engagement state and third information with respect to a crank rotational speed. The computer memory device has prestored correction factors with respect to the gear engagement state. The processor calculates the human input force based on the first information, the second information and at least one of the prestored correction factors, and/or calculates the human input power based on the first information, the second information, the third information, and at least one of the prestored correction factors.

A device has two machine parts that are movable relative to one another and are connected to each other by a supply line, along which a sensor line is mounted for measuring torsion of the supply line. The sensor line includes two conductors forming a conductor pair, which is stranded during production. The two conductors form a capacitor with a capacitance depending on the spacing between the two conductors. Depending on the direction of torsion of the supply line, the spacing between the two conductors is enlarged or reduced. The sensor line is connected to a measurement unit which is configured in such a way that a capacitance of the sensor line is measured, the torsion being ascertained using the capacitance.

A device has two machine parts that are movable relative to one another and are connected to each other by a supply line, along which a sensor line is mounted for measuring torsion of the supply line. The sensor line includes two conductors forming a conductor pair, which is stranded during production. The two conductors form a capacitor with a capacitance depending on the spacing between the two conductors. Depending on the direction of torsion of the supply line, the spacing between the two conductors is enlarged or reduced. The sensor line is connected to a measurement unit which is configured in such a way that a capacitance of the sensor line is measured, the torsion being ascertained using the capacitance.

In a force sensor, a cylindrical movable body can be moved with respect to a cylindrical main body. A strain body is fixed to the main body and the movable body, and can be deformed in accordance with the movement of the movable body. Strain sensors are provided on the strain body. At least three circular openings are provided in the circumferential surface of the movable body at equal intervals. Stoppers are respectively arranged inside the openings, and each of which includes a first side surface having a first outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the opening, and a second side surface having a second outer diameter smaller than the first outer diameter. Fixing members fix the stoppers to the main body.

In a force sensor, a cylindrical movable body can be moved with respect to a cylindrical main body. A strain body is fixed to the main body and the movable body, and can be deformed in accordance with the movement of the movable body. Strain sensors are provided on the strain body. At least three circular openings are provided in the circumferential surface of the movable body at equal intervals. Stoppers are respectively arranged inside the openings, and each of which includes a first side surface having a first outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the opening, and a second side surface having a second outer diameter smaller than the first outer diameter. Fixing members fix the stoppers to the main body.

A portable shippable automated calibration system for high torque power tools is disclosed. The system includes a self-contained highly durable and shippable container that may comprise a power source, central processor, visual user interface, mechanical interface for coupling with power tools to be calibrated, communications systems for communicating with a power tool being calibrated and/or with on-site or cloud based data systems. The system may be delivered to sites desiring on-site power tool calibration, tools are calibrated and updated calibration factors are automatically uploaded into the calibrated tool and a calibration certificate is published with the particulars of the calibration completion.

A portable shippable automated calibration system for high torque power tools is disclosed. The system includes a self-contained highly durable and shippable container that may comprise a power source, central processor, visual user interface, mechanical interface for coupling with power tools to be calibrated, communications systems for communicating with a power tool being calibrated and/or with on-site or cloud based data systems. The system may be delivered to sites desiring on-site power tool calibration, tools are calibrated and updated calibration factors are automatically uploaded into the calibrated tool and a calibration certificate is published with the particulars of the calibration completion.