A Discrete Sample Introduction Module (DSIM) apparatus includes an internal tubing system to receive into the DSIM apparatus a discrete gas sample having a received concentration. A plurality of valves selectively partitions the internal tubing system to form a plurality of loops corresponding to a plurality of loop volumes to contain the discrete gas sample. The plurality of loop volumes receives a carrier gas to dilute the discrete gas sample to a plurality of preselected dilutions. The DSIM apparatus circulates a given one of the plurality of preselected dilutions for analysis by a spectrometer coupled to the DSIM apparatus.

Distributions of a Brillouin frequency shift and a Rayleigh frequency shift in optical fibers set up in a material are measured from scattered waves of pulse laser light entered into the optical fibers, and distributions of pressure, temperature, and strain of the material along the optical fibers at a measurement time point are analyzed using coefficients that are inherent to the set up optical fibers and correlate pressure, temperature, and strain of material with the Brillouin frequency shift and the Rayleigh frequency shift.

Distributions of a Brillouin frequency shift and a Rayleigh frequency shift in optical fibers set up in a material are measured from scattered waves of pulse laser light entered into the optical fibers, and distributions of pressure, temperature, and strain of the material along the optical fibers at a measurement time point are analyzed using coefficients that are inherent to the set up optical fibers and correlate pressure, temperature, and strain of material with the Brillouin frequency shift and the Rayleigh frequency shift.

A downhole pressure sensor to measure absolute pressure in an annulus and a method of measuring absolute pressure in an annulus are described. The sensor includes an inductor including primary windings and secondary windings, and a capacitor coupled to the secondary windings and disposed in the annulus, at least one of the plates of the capacitor being flexible. The sensor also includes a controller coupled to the primary windings, the controller introducing an input signal to the primary windings and receive a return signal from the primary windings, the return signal resulting from the input signal being transferred through the secondary windings to the capacitor and back through the secondary windings to the primary windings. The controller determines the absolute pressure from the return signal.

A downhole pressure sensor to measure absolute pressure in an annulus and a method of measuring absolute pressure in an annulus are described. The sensor includes an inductor including primary windings and secondary windings, and a capacitor coupled to the secondary windings and disposed in the annulus, at least one of the plates of the capacitor being flexible. The sensor also includes a controller coupled to the primary windings, the controller introducing an input signal to the primary windings and receive a return signal from the primary windings, the return signal resulting from the input signal being transferred through the secondary windings to the capacitor and back through the secondary windings to the primary windings. The controller determines the absolute pressure from the return signal.

An example system for non-invasive determination of target properties of a pressure vessel includes: a signal generator acoustically coupled to a fluid contained in the pressure vessel and disposed externally to the pressure vessel, the signal generator to emit acoustic signals into the fluid; a plurality of sensors acoustically coupled to the fluid and disposed externally to the pressure vessel to detect the acoustic signals; a control device interconnected with the signal generator and the plurality of sensors, the control device configured to: control the signal generator to emit acoustic signals into the pressure vessel; obtain sensor data from the plurality of sensors, the sensor data representing the acoustic signals as received by the plurality of sensors; compute, based on the detected signal data, the target properties of the pressure vessel; and output an indication of the target properties.

A differential pressure sensor system for use in an aircraft comprises a differential pressure sensor for determining a differential pressure between a pressurizable aircraft cabin and an aircraft environment, the differential pressure sensor having a first port connectable to the pressurizable aircraft cabin via a first line and a second port connectable to the aircraft environment via a second line. A shut-off device of the differential pressure sensor system is arranged in the second line which is switchable between an open position in which it opens the second line, such that a pressure prevailing in the aircraft environment acts on the second port of the differential pressure sensor, and a shut-off position in which it closes the second line, such that the second port of the differential pressure sensor is shut off from the pressure prevailing in the aircraft environment.

A pressure sensor includes a pressure sensing-element in fluid communication with a port and an oil separator in the port. The oil separator is configured to reduce an amount of oil-vapor residue that reaches the pressure sensing element by elongating a path of fluid from an opening of the port to the pressure sensing element and by creating additional surface area within the port upon which oil-vapor residue -may be deposited. There is also a cover, which has holes, and that is configured to prevent the oil separator from felling out of the port. The oil separator may include circular discs having cut-out portions. The cut-out portions on adjacent circular discs may he rotated relative to one another about a longitudinal axis of the oil separator. The cut-out portions may have a semi-circular shape.

The invention relates to a device for measuring an operating variable, to be fitted onto a tyre, comprising: an electronic circuit distributed over a first face of an electronic board and comprising a sensor; a protective housing at least partially covering the electronic circuit; and at least one first antenna wire having one end galvanically connected to the electronic circuit and integrally extending so as to project laterally from the housing;

According to the invention, the housing comprises a lateral portion which projects substantially tangentially to a proximal end portion of the first wire in accordance with the generatrix of said first wire.

Example methods, apparatuses and systems for a combined temperature and pressure sensing device are provided. An example apparatus includes a media isolation chamber assembly having a sleeve member and a bellows member, a first circuit board element disposed in the bellows member and encapsulated by insulator media in the bellows member, a pressure sensing element disposed in the bellows member and electrically coupled to the first circuit board element; and a temperature sensing element disposed in the sleeve member and electrically coupled to the first circuit board element.