Systems and methods for an automated hardware-in-the-loop tester are disclosed and include a processor configured to execute instructions stored in a nontransitory computer-readable medium. The instructions include executing an executable object, which includes identifying a first circuit from at least one circuit based on the executable object. The instructions include, in response to identifying the first circuit, controlling a first signal transmitted from the first circuit to an electronic control unit (ECU). The first signal represents one of (i) a signal transmitted by a vehicle and (ii) a signal received from a communications system. While transmitting the first signal, the instructions include generating a first set of data that indicates operating characteristics of the ECU in response to receiving the first signal. The instructions include generating a report based on the first set of data.

Systems and methods for an automated hardware-in-the-loop tester are disclosed and include a processor configured to execute instructions stored in a nontransitory computer-readable medium. The instructions include executing an executable object, which includes identifying a first circuit from at least one circuit based on the executable object. The instructions include, in response to identifying the first circuit, controlling a first signal transmitted from the first circuit to an electronic control unit (ECU). The first signal represents one of (i) a signal transmitted by a vehicle and (ii) a signal received from a communications system. While transmitting the first signal, the instructions include generating a first set of data that indicates operating characteristics of the ECU in response to receiving the first signal. The instructions include generating a report based on the first set of data.

A method for extracting characterizing features from an ion current trace retrieved from spark plugs of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, comprises the steps of: i. dividing the ion current signal into crank angle subintervals; 5 ii. calculating a measure of ion current in each crank angle subinterval; and iii. Performing a calculation on the measure of ion currents from different subintervals such that the result of the calculation is dimension free. Further it relates to a method of monitoring combustion processes where a plurality of ion current signals from a number of spark plugs (4A, 4B) are 10 retrieved and used in combination.

A method for extracting characterizing features from an ion current trace retrieved from spark plugs of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, comprises the steps of: i. dividing the ion current signal into crank angle subintervals; 5 ii. calculating a measure of ion current in each crank angle subinterval; and iii. Performing a calculation on the measure of ion currents from different subintervals such that the result of the calculation is dimension free. Further it relates to a method of monitoring combustion processes where a plurality of ion current signals from a number of spark plugs (4A, 4B) are 10 retrieved and used in combination.

A transmission (101) with a rotatable structure (119), a first shaft (103) and a second shaft (105). The first shaft (103) and the second shaft (105) can be, respectively, an input shaft or an output shaft of the transmission (101). The first shaft (103) and the second shaft (105) are mounted to rotate in the rotatable structure (119). A rotational axis of the first shaft (103) and a rotational axis of the rotatable structure (119) are identical, and a rotational axis of the second shaft (105) and the rotational axis of the rotatable structure (119) are spaced apart from one another.

A control circuit configured to control an actuator mounted in a vehicle performs a self-diagnostic procedure. A monitoring circuit is configured to monitor an operating state of the control circuit based on diagnostic information resulting from the self-diagnostic procedure. When determining that the control circuit operates abnormally, the monitoring circuit blocks a control signal output from the control circuit to the actuator and outputs a reset signal to initialize the control circuit while maintaining the diagnostic information resulting from the self-diagnostic procedure in a RAM. Furthermore, when a predetermined condition is further satisfied, the monitoring circuit stops outputting the reset signal, thereby restarting the control circuit so that the control circuit performs abnormality response processing.

A design method for optimization of a transient control law of the aero-engine is disclosed, and performs the transient schedule optimization for the aero-engine by adopting an SQP algorithm, to realize the design of the transient control law along a constrained boundary condition. The fuel flow rate value is adjusted, other constraints remain unchanged, and the transient control law is designed under different limits. The transient time under each transient control law is calculated by constructing the transient time evaluation function. A lookuptable interpolation table is established by using the calculated transient time and corresponding fuel flow, to realize the fuel flow scheduling under different transient time. The fuel flow obtained by scheduling in the expected time is taken as an acceleration and deceleration control schedule of the closed-loop control of the aero-engine, and the output thereof is taken as the reference instruction of an acceleration process.

A control device controls an internal combustion engine including: an elastic wave sensor arranged and configured to output a signal responsive to the strength of an acoustic emission wave produced at a sliding portion; and a variable oil pump. The control device is configured to execute an oil pressure control such that the oil pressure approaches a target oil pressure according to an engine operating condition. This oil pressure control includes a first pressure-increase processing executed where an AE correlation value correlated with the strength or occurrence frequency of the acoustic emission wave detected by the elastic wave sensor is greater than a first threshold value. The first pressure-increase processing increases the target oil pressure associated with a first engine operating condition present when the AE correlation value becomes greater than the first threshold value, as compared to when the AE correlation value is not greater than that.

A control device controls an internal combustion engine including: an elastic wave sensor arranged and configured to output a signal responsive to the strength of an acoustic emission wave produced at a sliding portion; and a variable oil pump. The control device is configured to execute an oil pressure control such that the oil pressure approaches a target oil pressure according to an engine operating condition. This oil pressure control includes a first pressure-increase processing executed where an AE correlation value correlated with the strength or occurrence frequency of the acoustic emission wave detected by the elastic wave sensor is greater than a first threshold value. The first pressure-increase processing increases the target oil pressure associated with a first engine operating condition present when the AE correlation value becomes greater than the first threshold value, as compared to when the AE correlation value is not greater than that.

An information providing device includes: a reception unit configured to receive operation information on a power supply device from the power supply device that supplies power to an electric apparatus detachably connected thereto; an evaluation unit configured to evaluate how the power supply device is used based on the received operation information; and a provision unit configured to provide a user of the power supply device with information based on an evaluation result of the evaluation unit.