A mobile apparatus that is automated to measure controlled and applied forces to sport surfaces allowing for safety assessment of athletic apparel and athletic surfaces, such as natural or artificial turf. The apparatus is capable of using not only horizontal and vertical forces, but also rotational moments, and all prescribed forces and moments in combination at the same or different times. The apparatus and related system can apply horizontal and vertical forces, and rotational moments, and link these forces and moments together and combine them to more closely mimic behavior of human foot during an athletic movement, thereby applying and measuring interactions between all forces and moments at the same or different times.

A low density annular grout composition for filling voids. The composition may consist of cementitious fly ash, water, set retarder and cellular foam. The composition may have a compressive strength of between 100 and 600 psi at seven days and less than 1500 psi at 28 days. The composition may have a density between 20 and 75 pcf. Also disclosed is a method of filling a void with a low density annular grout composition. The method can include determining the time necessary to fill the void, adding water and set retarder to a cementitious fly ash to make a wet mixture, adding air to the wet mixture, and adding the composition to the void.

A low density annular grout composition for filling voids. The composition may consist of cementitious fly ash, water, set retarder and cellular foam. The composition may have a compressive strength of between 100 and 600 psi at seven days and less than 1500 psi at 28 days. The composition may have a density between 20 and 75 pcf. Also disclosed is a method of filling a void with a low density annular grout composition. The method can include determining the time necessary to fill the void, adding water and set retarder to a cementitious fly ash to make a wet mixture, adding air to the wet mixture, and adding the composition to the void.

A method for detecting or comparing mechanical strength of macro-molecular polymer materials. The detecting method has the steps of measuring the mechanical strength and the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of each of the plurality of samples to form a curve relationship or function relationship between the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum and the mechanical strength; measuring the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of the target material, and using the curve relationship or the function relationship to obtain the mechanical strength of the target material. The plurality of samples and the target material are both prepared from a macro-molecular polymer, and the macro-molecular polymer may be composed of disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone, hydroxyindole and difluorobenzophenone as monomers, and the sulfonate groups of the disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone have metal cations. An object of the method is to identify mechanical properties of polymer materials by fluorescence nondestructive detection.

A method for detecting or comparing mechanical strength of macro-molecular polymer materials. The detecting method has the steps of measuring the mechanical strength and the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of each of the plurality of samples to form a curve relationship or function relationship between the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum and the mechanical strength; measuring the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of the target material, and using the curve relationship or the function relationship to obtain the mechanical strength of the target material. The plurality of samples and the target material are both prepared from a macro-molecular polymer, and the macro-molecular polymer may be composed of disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone, hydroxyindole and difluorobenzophenone as monomers, and the sulfonate groups of the disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone have metal cations. An object of the method is to identify mechanical properties of polymer materials by fluorescence nondestructive detection.

Provided is a screening apparatus or the like of an optical fiber that can suppress or prevent occurrence of a fiber-strike on the side of a feeding bobbin regardless of the weight of the feeding bobbin. An embodiment has a feeding bobbin 12 that feeds out an optical fiber 10; a screening unit 16 that applies a tension to the optical fiber 10 fed out from the feeding bobbin 12; a first capstan 14 that feeds the optical fiber 10 into the screening unit 16; a winding bobbin 20 that winds the optical fiber 10 to which the tension is applied by the screening unit 16; and a control unit 70 that, when disconnection of the optical fiber 10 occurs due to the tension applied by the screening unit 16, controls the feeding bobbin 12 and the first capstan 14 so as to stop rotation of the feeding bobbin 12 and rotation of the first capstan 14 and sets a deceleration rate of the first capstan 14 in accordance with a deceleration rate of the feeding bobbin 12.

Provided is a screening apparatus or the like of an optical fiber that can suppress or prevent occurrence of a fiber-strike on the side of a feeding bobbin regardless of the weight of the feeding bobbin. An embodiment has a feeding bobbin 12 that feeds out an optical fiber 10; a screening unit 16 that applies a tension to the optical fiber 10 fed out from the feeding bobbin 12; a first capstan 14 that feeds the optical fiber 10 into the screening unit 16; a winding bobbin 20 that winds the optical fiber 10 to which the tension is applied by the screening unit 16; and a control unit 70 that, when disconnection of the optical fiber 10 occurs due to the tension applied by the screening unit 16, controls the feeding bobbin 12 and the first capstan 14 so as to stop rotation of the feeding bobbin 12 and rotation of the first capstan 14 and sets a deceleration rate of the first capstan 14 in accordance with a deceleration rate of the feeding bobbin 12.

A bending apparatus for a sample is disclosed. The bending apparatus includes a translation mechanism that translates a vertical displacement/force into a horizontal displacement/force for bending. Components of the bending apparatus are fabricated from a strong, radiolucent material. In these ways, the bending apparatus is compatible with micro-CT imaging, and as such, may be used to bend a sample during imaging. In a particular application, the bending apparatus may be used to measure biomechanical properties of a bone, such as bone strength, bone material properties, fracture toughness, and fracture propagation.

A bending apparatus for a sample is disclosed. The bending apparatus includes a translation mechanism that translates a vertical displacement/force into a horizontal displacement/force for bending. Components of the bending apparatus are fabricated from a strong, radiolucent material. In these ways, the bending apparatus is compatible with micro-CT imaging, and as such, may be used to bend a sample during imaging. In a particular application, the bending apparatus may be used to measure biomechanical properties of a bone, such as bone strength, bone material properties, fracture toughness, and fracture propagation.

An apparatus is disclosed including a tool comprising a first device for generating aerosol from a target, the first device being deployed through an opening in a tubing of the tool, wherein the tubing is provided with aspiration ports or fenestrations such that the generated aerosol is aspirated into the tubing via the aspiration ports or fenestrations. The aspirated aerosol is then transferred to a mass spectrometer for subsequent mass analysis.