A gas diffusion simulation method for simulating diffusion of a gas in a porous material having many pores, the method includes: calculating, in the pores, a Knudsen diffusion coefficient based on the mean square displacement of first gas particles in spaces surrounded by wall surfaces and a Knudsen diffusion term using the Knudsen diffusion coefficient, calculating an interdiffusion term using an interdiffusion coefficient between the first gas particles and second gas particles different therefrom, and performing simulation of the gas diffusion of the first gas particles by using a diffusion equation of the first gas particles represented by the sum of the Knudsen diffusion term and the interdiffusion term.

A gas diffusion simulation method for simulating diffusion of a gas in a porous material having many pores, the method includes: calculating, in the pores, a Knudsen diffusion coefficient based on the mean square displacement of first gas particles in spaces surrounded by wall surfaces and a Knudsen diffusion term using the Knudsen diffusion coefficient, calculating an interdiffusion term using an interdiffusion coefficient between the first gas particles and second gas particles different therefrom, and performing simulation of the gas diffusion of the first gas particles by using a diffusion equation of the first gas particles represented by the sum of the Knudsen diffusion term and the interdiffusion term.

An in vitro release testing (IVRT) device for orally inhaled drug products, for use in an IVRT apparatus, the device having an air-permeable filter loaded with particulate material representing a dose of an orally inhaled drug product. The device has an upper filter support element and a lower filter support element, the loaded filter being circumferentially retained between the upper and lower support elements, a filter cover to cover the upper surface of the loaded filter, and a filter cover retainer provided to assemble and seal the IVRT device.

The present technology generally relates to a porous medium parameter measurement device comprising one or more component selected from: a porous conductive component; a porous non-conductive component; and a selective component. The one or more component is in operative communication with each one of the one or more component and with a porous medium through a plurality of pores allowing a porous medium solution to reach diffusion equilibrium between the porous medium and each of the one or more component. The one or more component allows direct measurement of a multiplicity of parameters of the porous medium solution.

The present disclosure relates to devices, systems, and methods for quantitative measurements of colloid properties with a depletion force sensor. An example system of the present disclosure may include a well, a mass, a sensor, and a processor. The well may be contain a test fluid. The mass has a surface which may be immersed in the test fluid during operation. The sensor may include a sensing element which may be immersed in the test fluid during operation. The sensing element may include a sensor face separated from the surface of the mass by a gap. The sensor may measure a force on the sensing element relative to the mass. The processor may be coupled to the sensor and may determine properties of the test fluid based on the force.

A method of estimating a surface tension of coal includes subjecting a surface tension, a physical property value representing a coal rank, and a total inert content of each of different brands of coal to multiple regression analysis to determine in advance a regression equation including the surface tension of coal as an objective variable and the physical property value and the total inert content as explanatory variables; and measuring the physical property value and the total inert content of a coal of which the surface tension is to be estimated, and calculating the surface tension of the coal with the measured physical property value and the measured total inert content, and the regression equation.

A method of estimating a surface tension of coal includes subjecting a surface tension, a physical property value representing a coal rank, and a total inert content of each of different brands of coal to multiple regression analysis to determine in advance a regression equation including the surface tension of coal as an objective variable and the physical property value and the total inert content as explanatory variables; and measuring the physical property value and the total inert content of a coal of which the surface tension is to be estimated, and calculating the surface tension of the coal with the measured physical property value and the measured total inert content, and the regression equation.

Herein disclosed are biorelevant dissolution media using a phosphonocholic acid salt in combination with a polysorbate. This tailor-made combination of surface-active agents apparently forms mixed micelles similar to those formed in the currently available biorelevant media, is faster and easier to prepare, forms reproducible and consistent dissolution media, and compares well with the predictive properties of currently available biorelevant dissolution media and thus is useful to predict the in vivo behavior of dosage forms of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Herein disclosed are biorelevant dissolution media using a phosphonocholic acid salt in combination with a polysorbate. This tailor-made combination of surface-active agents apparently forms mixed micelles similar to those formed in the currently available biorelevant media, is faster and easier to prepare, forms reproducible and consistent dissolution media, and compares well with the predictive properties of currently available biorelevant dissolution media and thus is useful to predict the in vivo behavior of dosage forms of poorly water-soluble drugs.

A method of treating a surface is provided. The method includes disposing a condensation reduction composition on the surface, thereby treating the surface to reduce formation of condensate and/or an amount of condensate thereon. The condensation reduction composition comprises a surface-active agent comprising an alkyl polyglycoside. The condensation reduction composition may further comprise a preservative, a pH control agent, and/or water. A treated surface prepared in accordance with the method is also provided. The method and treated surface prepared therewith are useful in reducing condensate and/or formation of condensate on surfaces, e.g. by reducing the number of condensate drops falling from the surface, increasing the rate of condensate evaporation on the surface, and/or increasing the rate of water absorption into or through the surface, e.g. upon or during exposure of the treated surface to a condensation condition.