Exemplary embodiments of a high temperature aging cell provide a metal-to-metal fluid seal, and generally include a central tension post containing a flange having an inclined surface; and a seal ring concentrically arranged thereon, its outer circumference positioned at least partly intermediate the flange and the cell interior surface. In various embodiments, a thrust ring retains the seal ring; a thrust washer engages the thrust ring; a tension ring is attached to the tension post for biasing the thrust ring toward the flange; and an outer cap retains various components in relation to the aging cell. A pressure control device allows for pressure elevation. Exemplary embodiments of a sample aging method generally include aging a liquid sample by sealing the sample in the cell via biasing of the seal ring into sealing engagement with an interior surface of the cell. Subsequent sample treatment may involve elevating its temperature and/or pressure.

The coating monitoring system is based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The system consists of one or more compact and rugged mini-potentiostat modules coupled to one or more electrodes mounted on top of the paint coating of the structure being monitored. The electrodes and modules can be coated with a topcoat if desired. Alternatively, they may be mounted only temporarily to the structure for spot inspection. They periodically report to a laptop. Communications may be implemented using a wireless protocol. The units may be battery powered with an estimated battery lifetime of up to ten years, depending on the frequency of measurement and interrogation Alternative power supplies may be used to replace or supplement the battery to allow extended battery lifetime. Moisture, humidity, or other sensors may be incorporated into the coating monitor.

The coating monitoring system is based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The system consists of one or more compact and rugged mini-potentiostat modules coupled to one or more electrodes mounted on top of the paint coating of the structure being monitored. The electrodes and modules can be coated with a topcoat if desired. Alternatively, they may be mounted only temporarily to the structure for spot inspection. They periodically report to a laptop. Communications may be implemented using a wireless protocol. The units may be battery powered with an estimated battery lifetime of up to ten years, depending on the frequency of measurement and interrogation Alternative power supplies may be used to replace or supplement the battery to allow extended battery lifetime. Moisture, humidity, or other sensors may be incorporated into the coating monitor.

Methods and systems for calculating a suitability indicator which corresponds to a suitability of a packaging system for packaging a substance, where a stability indicator which corresponds to a stability of the substance or of a component of the substance is determined as a function of at least one ambient condition, preferably the relative humidity and/or temperature of the environment of the substance, and the suitability indicator is calculated with at least one parameter relating to the ambient condition and with the stability indicator of the substance.

Methods and systems for calculating a suitability indicator which corresponds to a suitability of a packaging system for packaging a substance, where a stability indicator which corresponds to a stability of the substance or of a component of the substance is determined as a function of at least one ambient condition, preferably the relative humidity and/or temperature of the environment of the substance, and the suitability indicator is calculated with at least one parameter relating to the ambient condition and with the stability indicator of the substance.

A method of measuring a flow line deposit comprising: providing a pipe comprising the flow line deposit; measuring unattenuated photon counts across the pipe; and analyzing the measured unattenuated photon counts to determine the thickness of the flow line deposit and associated systems.

A nondestructive inspection apparatus of a structure includes: an inspection apparatus body 1 provided with an infrared light irradiation unit irradiating a structure 3 to be inspected with heating infrared light, a temperature variation measuring unit measuring a variation in temperature of the structure due to the irradiation with infrared light from the infrared light irradiation unit, a drive-control-and-accumulation unit performing drive control of the infrared light irradiation unit and the temperature variation measuring unit and performing data accumulation; and a self-running mechanism unit 2 enabling the inspection apparatus body 1 to move along the structure 3. The structure 3 is inspected for an internal defect by irradiating the structure 3 with heating infrared light while the apparatus moves along the structure 3 through the use of the self-running mechanism unit 2 and measuring the variation in temperature of the structure 3 due to the irradiation with infrared light.

A system includes a plurality of movable members and an electromagnetic wave probe disposed within at least one movable member among the plurality of movable members. The actuation system is coupled to the plurality of movable members. The actuation system is configured to actuate and removably position the plurality of movable members to form a wave guide around at least a portion of an outer peripheral surface of the pipe assembly and position the electromagnetic wave probe proximate to the portion of the outer peripheral surface of the pipe assembly.

A method of extending a life expectancy of a high-temperature piping, includes removing a heat insulation material which covers the piping having a high creep rupture risk, and lowering an outer surface temperature of piping, wherein a width of an exposed portion obtained is twice or more a distance from a peeled-off end portion of the exposed portion to a portion where a compressive stress is asymptotical to 0 after a change in stress between a tensile stress and the compressive stress occurring in the piping due to the removal of the heat insulation material is made from the tensile stress to the compressive stress, and the distance is calculated based on the following formulae, βx=5, $\beta =\sqrt[4]{\frac{3\left(1-v^2\right)}{a^2{h}^2}}$
here, ν is a Poisson's ratio, a is an average radius of the piping, and h is a plate thickness of the piping.

A method of extending a life expectancy of a high-temperature piping, includes removing a heat insulation material which covers the piping having a high creep rupture risk, and lowering an outer surface temperature of piping, wherein a width of an exposed portion obtained is twice or more a distance from a peeled-off end portion of the exposed portion to a portion where a compressive stress is asymptotical to 0 after a change in stress between a tensile stress and the compressive stress occurring in the piping due to the removal of the heat insulation material is made from the tensile stress to the compressive stress, and the distance is calculated based on the following formulae, βx=5, $\beta =\sqrt[4]{\frac{3\left(1-v^2\right)}{a^2{h}^2}}$
here, ν is a Poisson's ratio, a is an average radius of the piping, and h is a plate thickness of the piping.