A measurement apparatus 1 according to the present invention includes a table 10 that has an axis of rotation 14 and supports a disc-shaped object 40, a first driving unit that rotates the table 10 around the axis of rotation 14, a light source 50 that produces illumination light with which an end portion 45 of the disc-shaped object 40 is illuminated, an objective lens 60 that collects the illumination light reflected from the end portion 45, a second driving unit that moves the objective lens 60 along an optical axis 64, an imaging unit 70 that captures an image of the end portion 45 by detecting the reflected light collected by the objective lens 60, and an autofocus optical system 80 that determines a position of the objective lens 60 where the image of the end portion 45 is brought into focus in the imaging unit 70.

A protein construct including a gene encoding a light-sensitive protein fused to at least one of either a low complexity sequence, an intrinsically disordered protein region (IDR), or a repeating sequence of a linker and another gene encoding a light-sensitive protein. Among the many different possibilities contemplated, the protein construct may also advantageously include cleavage tags. This protein construct may be utilized for a variety of functions, including a method for protein purification, which requires introducing the protein construct into a living cell, and inducing the formation of clusters by irradiating the construct with light. The method may also advantageously include cleaving a target protein from an IDR, and separating the clusters via centrifuge. A kit for practicing in vivo aggregation or liquid-liquid phase separation is also included, the kit including the protein construct and a light source capable of producing a wavelength that the light-sensitive protein will respond to.

A defect inspecting method and apparatus for inspecting a surface state including a defect on a wafer surface, in which a polarization state of a laser beam irradiated onto the wafer surface is connected into a specified polarization state, the converted laser beam having the specified polarization state is inserted onto the wafer surface, and a scattering light occurring from an irradiated region where the laser beam having the specified polarization state is irradiated, is separated into a first scattering light occurring due to a defect on the wafer and a second scattering light occurring due to a surface roughness on the wafer. An optical element for optical path division separates the first and second scattering lights approximately at the same time.

A system and method for measuring a concentration of a gas in a container having at least one flexible or variable side or wall. The system and method comprising creating a determinable optical path length through the container having a shape. Positioning a light source head and a detector head against at least one of the least one flexible or variable side or wall. Transmitting a light signal between the light source head and the detector head through the determinable optical path length. Determining the concentration of the gas in the container based on detected light and the determinable optical path length.

An integrated system for determining a hemostasis and oxygen transport parameter of a blood sample, such as blood, is disclosed. The system includes a measurement system, such as an ultrasonic sensor, configured to determine data characterizing the blood sample. For example, the data could be displacement of the blood sample in response to ultrasonic pulses. An integrated aspect of the system may be a common sensor, sample portion or data for fast and efficient determination of both parameters. The parameters can also be used to correct or improve measured parameters. For example, physiological adjustments may be applied to the hemostatic parameters using a HCT measurement. Also, physical adjustments may be applied, such as through calibration using a speed or attenuation of the sound pulse through or by the blood sample. These parameters may be displayed on a GUI to guide treatment.

Bio-photonic devices or target cells and cell cultures including bio-photonic devices and target cells are provided. Methods of preparing cell cultures including bio-photonic devices and target cells are also provided. Methods of analyzing the electrophysiology of target cells using the cell cultures are provided. Systems for analyzing the electrophysiology of target cells are also provided.

A liquid reagent composition for detecting phenol or phenol derivatives includes a reagent capable of generating a stained product by forming a bond with phenol, an oxidant compound or mixture of oxidant compounds, a basic compound or mixture of basic compounds. The ratio of [stained reagent]:[oxidant compound] is 1:2 to 50:1, having a pH greater than 7. Also disclosed is a kit for the use of the composition and liquid-phase method for analysing a fluid potentially containing phenol or a phenol derivatives.

An analysis data processing method for processing analysis data collected with an analyzing device for each of a plurality of samples, by applying an analytical technique using statistical machine learning to multidimensional analysis data formed by output values obtained from a plurality of channels of a multichannel detector provided in the analyzing device, the method including: acquiring a non-linear regression or non-linear discrimination function expressing analysis data obtained for known samples; calculating a contribution value of each of the output values obtained from the plurality of channels forming the analysis data of the known samples, to the acquired non-linear regression or non-linear discrimination function, based on a differential value of the non-linear regression function or non-linear discrimination function; and identifying one or more of the plurality of channels of the detector, which are to be used for processing analysis data obtained for an unknown sample, based on the contribution value.

An analysis data processing method for processing analysis data collected with an analyzing device for each of a plurality of samples, by applying an analytical technique using statistical machine learning to multidimensional analysis data formed by output values obtained from a plurality of channels of a multichannel detector provided in the analyzing device, the method including: acquiring a non-linear regression or non-linear discrimination function expressing analysis data obtained for known samples; calculating a contribution value of each of the output values obtained from the plurality of channels forming the analysis data of the known samples, to the acquired non-linear regression or non-linear discrimination function, based on a differential value of the non-linear regression function or non-linear discrimination function; and identifying one or more of the plurality of channels of the detector, which are to be used for processing analysis data obtained for an unknown sample, based on the contribution value.

Microspheres are sorted by resonant light pressure effects. An evanescent optical field is generated when light is confined within the interior of an optical element such as a surface waveguide, a tapered microfiber, or a prism. Microspheres brought within vicinity of the surface are subjected to forces that result from a coupling of the evanescent field to whispering gallery modes (WGM) in the microspheres. Alternatively, a focused laser beam is directed close to the edge of the microspheres to exert resonant optical forces on microspheres. Alternatively, standing optical waves are excited in the optical element. Optical forces are resonantly enhanced when light frequencies match WGM frequencies in the microspheres. Those microspheres for which resonance is obtained are more affected by the evanescent field than microspheres for which resonance does not occur. Greater forces are applied to resonating microspheres, which are separated from a heterogeneous mixture according to size.