An embodiment relates to a method, comprising: obtaining a biological sample, performing a protein complex immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) on the sample, performing a reverse phase protein array (RPPA) on the sample after performing the protein complex immunoprecipitation, and identifying one or more protein complexes. A further embodiment relates to a method of treatment, comprising: obtaining a tissue sample from a patient, performing Co-IP then RPPA on the sample, identifying a protein complex, determining whether the protein complex comprises known protein drug targets, and treating the patient with a drug that interacts with the known protein drug targets.

The invention is directed to a method for chemiluminescent sulphur detection wherein the method comprises the following steps. (a) oxidation of a gaseous starting mixture comprising one or more sulphur compounds to obtain an oxidized gas mixture. (b) reduction of the oxidized gas mixture as obtained in step (a) to obtain a gaseous mixture of reduced sulphur compounds in the presence of a ceramic surface. (c) reacting the mixture of reduced sulphur compounds obtained in step (b) with ozone to obtain a sulphur compound in excited state and measuring a chemiluminescent emission of the sulphur compound in excited state to obtain a measure for the amount of sulphur compounds in the gaseous starting mixture. The ceramic surface in step (b) is a magnesium aluminium silicate comprising surface.

An embodiment provides a method for deriving an alkalinity measurement, including: introducing a fluid sample; measuring, a phosphate amount of the fluid sample using a colorimetric reagent; measuring a pH of the fluid sample, wherein the pH of the fluid sample correlates to a hydroxide amount of the fluid sample; introducing an acid to convert all the inorganic carbon to carbon dioxide; applying a positive potential to the SP3 substituted carbon electrode; introducing, prior to or substantially simultaneously during the application of the positive potential to the SP3 substituted carbon electrode and in the reaction chamber, at least one acid reagent comprising a metallic catalyst that converts the carbonate and the partially oxidized species to carbon dioxide; determining total organic carbon by detecting an amount of carbon dioxide produced by the oxidation; determining the total organic carbon from the oxidation of the organic carbon species, and determining a derived alkalinity based upon the phosphate amount, the hydroxide amount, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated from the inorganic carbon. Other aspects are described and claimed.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.

Blockade of immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) shows promise in patients with cancer. Inhibitory antibodies directed at these receptors have been shown to break immune tolerance and promote anti-tumor immunity. These agents work particularly well in patients with a certain category of tumor. Such tumors may be particularly susceptible to treatment because of the multitude of neoantigens which they produce.

Blockade of immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) shows promise in patients with cancer. Inhibitory antibodies directed at these receptors have been shown to break immune tolerance and promote anti-tumor immunity. These agents work particularly well in patients with a certain category of tumor. Such tumors may be particularly susceptible to treatment because of the multitude of neoantigens which they produce.

The present invention is generally in the field of measuring and indicating techniques and relates to a time-temperature indicator and methods of manufacturing and use thereof. More specifically, the time-temperature indicator comprises a time temperature indicator comprising at least one metal layer or metal containing layer and in direct contact to the metal layer or to the metal containing layer at least one doped polymer layer, wherein the dopant is an acid, a base or a salt or a photolatent acid or a photolatent base which dopant is added to the polymer, and/or at least one polymer layer wherein a polymer is functionalized with acidic or latent acidic or basic or latent basic groups; or a time temperature indicator comprising at least one polymer layer containing metal particles and a photolatent acid or a photolatent base, or at least one polymer layer containing metal particles wherein the polymer is functionalized with latent acidic or latent basic groups.

The invention relates to cancer, and in particular to novel pharmaceutical compositions, therapies and methods for treating, preventing or ameliorating cancer, and especially metastatic disease. The invention also relates to diagnostic and prognostic methods for cancer and metastatic disease, and biomarkers for these conditions.

A method for measuring TOC in test water is disclosed. Test water is injected into a combustion tube, which is controlled to be heated in a state of flowing carrier air generated by discharging stored water filled in a combustion gas or carrier air storage tank. After the drying process, temperature in the combustion tube is increased, and the dried organic carbon is burned. Combustion gas is guided to the combustion gas storage tank. An inside of the combustion tube is purified due to high pressure steam generated by injecting pure water and organic carbon removed in the purification process is burned and oxidized. The generated combustion gas is guided to the combustion gas storage tank and is pushed into an infrared meter to measure a carbon dioxide gas concentration. Otherwise, the generated combustion gas is guided to the infrared meter to measure the carbon dioxide gas concentration.

Described are optical methods and reagents for sequencing polypeptides. A probe that exhibits different spectral properties when conjugated to different N-terminal amino acids is conjugated to the N-terminal amino acid of a polypeptide. Sequentially detecting one or more spectral properties of the probe conjugated to the N-terminal amino acid and cleaving the N-terminal amino acid produces sequence information of the polypeptide. The use of super-resolution microscopy allows for the massively parallel sequencing of individual polypeptide molecules in situ such as within a cell. Also described are probes comprising hydroxymethyl rhodamine green, an isothiocyanate group and a protecting group.