The present invention relates to a colorectal cancer diagnostic composition and method for detecting a diagnostic marker, more specifically to a colorectal cancer diagnostic composition comprising one or more mRNAs selected from the group consisting of lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) of a preparation for measuring protein expression levels thereof, and a method for detecting a marker form a sample obtained from a test subject in order to provide information necessary for diagnosing colorectal cancer. The colorectal cancer diagnostic marker comprising KRS and AIMP1, according to the present invention, has raised expression levels of same in the serum of a colorectal cancer patient in comparison to a normal control group. Therefore, whether colorectal cancer is present can be accurately and rapidly determined by measuring the expression levels of one or more markers selected from the group consisting of KRS and AIMP1.

A simplified reagent system for the analysis of arsenic in an acidic aqueous environment is disclosed. In accordance with the inventive technology, a two reagent system is provided. The first reagent includes a combination of an acidifying agent and an oxidizing agent, and is in particulate form. The second reagent is zinc in particulate form, and is beneficially used in the analysis in the presence of an effective amount of an agent for increasing the rate of arsine gas production.

Herein is reported an anti-drug antibody immunoassay for the determination of the presence of an anti-drug antibody against an effector function suppressed human or humanized drug antibody in a sample comprising the incubation of a sample comprising mammalian blood serum with full length human Fcgamma receptor I or an Fc-region binding fragment thereof so that a complex between the anti-drug antibody against the effector function suppressed human or humanized drug antibody present in the sample and the human Fcgamma receptor I or the Fc-region binding fragment thereof forms, whereby the full length human Fcgamma receptor I or the Fc-region binding fragment thereof is conjugated to a detectable label, and the determination of the formed complex by the detectable label.

The present invention concerns an analytical method that makes use of an oxygen-containing source having a predetermined content of an isotope of oxygen .sup.ZO, which is not the same as natural composition and distribution of oxygen isotopes, to detect and/or quantify oxygen in oxidizable compound(s). The analytical method allows detecting and/or quantification with relatively high precision and accuracy oxygen in oxidizable compound(s), even at low content. The method is easy to implement and can be used for in-line analysis.

A non invasive diagnostic method of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in a subject is provided. The method comprises the step of measuring the level of βig-h3 protein in a blood sample wherein the serum level of βig-h3 is positively correlated with the risk of having a PDAC. By following studies on 2 distinct cohorts of 20 and 104 of PDAC patients, and on PDAC mouse model, the inventors show that βig-h3 can be directly detected in the blood sample and βig-h3 is expressed very early in tumorigenesis in pancreatic neoplastic lesions. Also provided is a βig-h3 protein, for use in the treatment of PDAC. The inventors found that βig-h3 bind directly on CD8.sup.+ T cells by reducing their activation and cytotoxic properties. Furthermore, the use of neutralizing βig-h3 antibodies in PDAC mouse model reduced tumor growth by enhancing CD8.sup.+ T cell anti-tumoral response. Thus, neutralizing βig-h3 which acts as a novel immunological check-point target in PDAC therefore allows to restore beneficial anti-tumor immunity in PDAC.

Antibodies that bind to AXL protein and variants thereof are described herein. AXL exhibits a distinct and limited expression pattern in normal adult tissue(s), and is aberrantly expressed in the cancers listed in Table I. Consequently, the MAbs of the invention provide a diagnostic composition for the treatment and management of cancer.

The present disclosure relates to a method of isolating extracellular vesicles directly from human tissues. The invention further relates to a method of identifying disease and tissue specific membrane proteins on extracellular vesicles by membrane isolation and proteomic analysis. The invention further relates to methods of diagnosing diseases by capturing extracellular vesicles by the use of disease specific membrane proteins from body fluids, and detecting or analyzing molecular signatures (proteome, DNA, and RNA) on captured extracellular vesicles. Moreover, the present invention relates to kits, apparatus and software required for implementing aforementioned methods.

Provided herein are methods for simultaneously determining the functional status of multiple signaling pathways in a diseased cell sample obtained from a subject to thereby select for therapeutic use in the subject a targeted therapeutic agent that affects the signaling pathway with the highest level of aberrant activity in the subject's cells. Also provided are methods for determining whether a signaling pathway is ultrasensitive in a diseased cell sample from a subject, also allowing for selection of an effective targeted therapeutic agent for therapeutic use in the subject. Methods of administering a selected targeted therapeutic agent to the subject are also provided.

Blockade of immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) shows promise in patients with cancer. Inhibitory antibodies directed at these receptors have been shown to break immune tolerance and promote anti-tumor immunity. These agents work particularly well in patients with a certain category of tumor. Such tumors may be particularly susceptible to treatment because of the multitude of neoantigens which they produce.

An object of the present invention is to provide a reagent for measuring skin sensitization that can measure sensitization to a test substance with high sensitivity using a single type of reagent; a compound; and a method for measuring skin sensitization. According to the present invention, provided are a reagent for measuring skin sensitization including, as a main measuring agent, an organic compound having a mercapto group and a hydrazide structure and having an absorption spectrum in an ultraviolet, visible, or near-infrared region; a compound for use in the reagent for measuring skin sensitization; and a method for measuring skin sensitization using the reagent for measuring skin sensitization.