A system and method for measuring a parameter in a gaseous sample is disclosed herein. A signal generator generates a first signal. The first signal is sent through the gaseous sample, enclosed in an airtight chamber, via a transmitter and received via a receiver. The signal is then processed to measure the delay in transmission along a predetermined distance. The delay in the transmission of the signal from the transmitter to the receiver through the sample along a predetermined distance gas gives a measure of the parameter being measured within the gaseous sample. Examples of parameters that can be measured include humidity, temperature, air quality, pressure, and a quantity of a specific contaminant.

Provided is a sensor device capable of detecting leakage from a pouch with a higher accuracy. An odor sensor (41) detects odor leaking from a pouch (3) attached to a stoma (21) of a user (2). A radio communication interface (42) notifies, via a notification device (5), the user (2) that odor is detected.

A cyclone includes a hollow cylindrical upper portion and a hollow conical lower portion having an inclined wall and a base wall. The base wall and the inclined wall are continuous contact with each other, and the inclined wall of the hollow conical lower portion is in continuous contact with an outer wall of the hollow cylindrical upper portion. A total cyclone height is from about 10 to about 30 millimeters, and a ratio of the total cyclone height to an inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical upper portion is from about 0.7 to about 1.3. An angle between an inner surface of the base wall and an inner surface of the inclined wall is from about 110 to about 130 degrees.

A system including one or more gas sensor assemblies having one or more gas sensors. The gas sensor is for sensing a preselected gas. The gas sensor assembly includes a housing with a cavity therein, and the sensor is mounted on the housing so that the sensor is able to detect the preselected gas in the cavity. The gas sensor assembly includes a sensor control module in communication with the gas sensor, and also in communication with a central controller. Via the central controller, the sensor may be tested using a purge gas, and the sensor may be zeroed if necessary. Also, via the central controller, the sensor may be calibrated using a calibration gas mixture having the preselected gas in a known concentration. The central controller is configured for manual or automatic testing and calibration. Accordingly, the testing and calibration, whether manual or automatic, is done remotely.

A method for manufacturing a pressure detecting unit for a measuring device for measuring a pressure status value of a plant specimen. The method includes mounting a sensor unit for detecting the pressure status value at a carrier substrate, fastening a frame to the carrier substrate, the frame including a fastening surface, a contact surface oriented opposite the fastening surface and an inner surface defining an opening and extending between the fastening surface and the contact surface, the frame being situated at the carrier substrate in such a way that the fastening surface faces the carrier substrate and the inner surface surrounds the sensor unit, and filling the opening of the frame with a filling material for forming an elastic pressure coupling layer. A pressure detecting unit for a measuring device for measuring a pressure status value of a plant specimen is also described.

An aftertreatment system configured to reduce constituents of an exhaust gas produced by an engine comprises an aftertreatment component and an optical assembly. The optical assembly comprises an optical emitter configured to emit light onto a face of the aftertreatment component, and an optical detector configured to detect light reflected from the face of the aftertreatment component. A controller is configured to determine at least one of an amount of NOx gases or an amount of ammonia on the face of the aftertreatment component based on an optical parameter of the detected light that has reflected from the face of the aftertreatment component.

In order to suppress a charge-up in an ion source configured to ionize a component contained in a sample gas, a mass spectrometer according to the present invention is provided with an ion source (3) including: an ionization chamber (30) having an ion ejection opening (301) and internally having a space substantially separated from an outside area; a repeller electrode (31), located within the ionization chamber, for creating an expelling electric field which acts on an ion generated within the ionization chamber to expel the ion through the ion ejection opening to the outside area; and a voltage generator (7) configured to selectively apply, to the repeller electrode, a first voltage for creating the expelling electric field and a second voltage for creating a charge-up-removing electric field, where the second voltage is a positive voltage having a larger absolute value than the first voltage.

Provided is an olfactory data sharing terminal including a receiver configured to receive olfactory data obtained by sensing an odor of an object through an olfactory sensor; a preference determiner configured to determine whether a user prefers the received olfactory data, based on a user olfactory function f.sub.user(x); and a display displaying a user preference for the received olfactory data.

Fully automatic true triaxial tunnel and underground project model test system, including a triaxial loading device for loading model test piece, automatic data collection and analysis device, power system and control system; triaxial loading device includes test bench, vertical loading system, horizontal front and back, and left and right loading systems, and the vertical, horizontal front and back, and left and right loading systems apply three-way pressure to model test body; test bench functions for supporting, fixing, and providing counter-force; automatic data collection and analysis device includes micro optical fiber sensor embedded in model test piece, optical fiber monitoring system, micro pressure box and strain brick, and can collect multi-field information.

A hydrogen sensor that efficiently detects hydrogen gas at room temperature comprising a gold decorated reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide (Au/rGO/ZnO) heterostructured composite, methods for making this sensor and a method for sensitive room temperature detection of hydrogen using the sensor.