In examples, there is a method comprising receiving an esophageal gas sample at a nitric oxide sensor, the nitric oxide sensor generating a signal indicative of the amount of nitric oxide in the esophageal gas sample, the nitric oxide sensor outputting the signal, and, based on the signal, determining the amount of nitric oxide in the esophageal gas sample.

The present invention relates to non-invasive method and system for characterising and certifying cognitive activities by detecting gaseous substances emitted by an organism, by means of the respiration, perspiration, and/or secretion, and changes measureable by sensors during said cognitive activities. Substance detection makes it possible to characterise the olfactory signal in order to determine and certify whether or not a cognitive activity has occurred and to classify said signals into different categories of cognitive activities.

A multi-gas sensor to detect food spoilage and a method of forming the same are disclosed. The multi-gas sensor includes a silicon substrate and a plurality of chemical sensitive field effect transistor (CSFET) sensors formed on a surface of the silicon substrate, wherein each one of the plurality of CSFET sensors are decorated with a different material to detect a different gas associated with food spoilage.

Described herein are mobile sensing units for capturing raw data corresponding to certain characteristics of plants and their growing environment. Also described are computer devices and related methods for collecting user inputs, generating information relating to the plants and/or growing environment based on the raw data and user inputs, and displaying same.

A hydrogen sensor includes: a first electrode which is planar; a second electrode which is planar, faces the first electrode, and includes an exposed portion; a metal oxide layer which is sandwiched between a surface of the first electrode and a surface of the second electrode, and has a resistance that changes due to hydrogen; and two terminals, i.e., a first terminal and a second terminal, that are connected to the second electrode.

A crop yield prediction method and system. The method includes: obtaining a test normalized difference vegetation index and test meteorological data of a to-be-tested area; and inputting the test normalized difference vegetation index and the test meteorological data into a hierarchical linear regression model, to obtain a predicted yield of the to-be-tested area; where a method for determining the hierarchical linear regression model is: obtaining a training normalized difference vegetation index of a crop planting area; obtaining training meteorological data and measured yield data of the crop planting area; constructing a first regression equation and a second regression equation, where dependent variables of the second regression equation are a slope and an intercept of the first regression equation; and inputting the training normalized difference vegetation index and the measured yield data into the first regression equation, and inputting the training meteorological data into the second regression equation.

A method for monitoring and/or calibrating a device designed for three-dimensional X-ray optical inspection of seedlings in different growth phases may optically or X-ray optically measure natural seedlings in three dimensions at predetermined times during their growth phase. The method may create a control program for a device which is designed for the three-dimensional printing of artificial seedlings as reference samples which are replicas of the natural seedlings in each case using the recorded measured values. The method may also produce artificial seedlings with a plastic using the device in accordance with the created control program. The artificial seedlings thus produced may be measured three-dimensionally by X-ray optics and the measured values thus acquired may be recorded in a control chart or an already created control chart is adapted, with which control chart monitoring and/or calibration of the device designed for the three-dimensional X-ray optical inspection of seedlings is performed.

Signal output apparatus and concentration measurement system has a light receiving unit and an interface unit provided at a support unit. Light receiving unit receives infrared rays emitted to a measurement target substance, and outputs a detection signal according to received infrared rays. Storage unit stores a parameter according to a characteristic of at least one of a plurality of components including the light receiving unit, the parameter being used for concentration computation of the measurement target substance, as a calibration parameter. Interface unit outputs an output signal including a calibration parameter signal according to the calibration parameter input from the storage unit and a signal based on the detection signal input from the light receiving unit to a signal computation processing unit, without executing the concentration computation. The signal output apparatus corrects a deviation caused by a characteristic variation of each apparatus to realize concentration measurement with high accuracy.

A gas monitor configured to monitor at least one target gas in an environmental mixture, by separating and concentrating the target gas and then adjusting for the concentration factor. The adjustment may also take into account sensor sensitivities to other gases. Methods for adjustment of target gas results and increasing accuracy of monitoring are described.

The present invention includes a method for analyzing reactions. The method includes the steps of providing a solution of at least one acceptor chemical and at least one donor chemical. The donor chemical is capable of donating a chemical moiety to the acceptor chemical. The solution further includes at least one controller chemical that affects the reaction between the donor chemical and the acceptor chemical. The solution is then incubated so that a portion of the acceptor chemical reacts with the donor chemical to form an acceptor product. Unreacted donor chemical is separated from the acceptor product. The acceptor product or the donor chemical is then measured using X-ray fluorescence. Another aspect of the present invention includes a method for analyzing protein function. The method includes the steps of providing a solution of at least one acceptor chemical and at least one donor chemical. The donor chemical is capable of donating a chemical moiety to the acceptor chemical. The donor chemical includes a functional group selected from ester, anhydride, imide, acyl halide, and amide. The solution is then incubated so that a portion of the acceptor chemical reacts with the donor chemical to form an acceptor product. Unreacted donor chemical is separated from the acceptor product. The acceptor product or the donor chemical is then measured using X-ray fluorescence. Yet another aspect of the present invention includes a method for analyzing protein function. The method includes the steps of providing a solution of at least one acceptor chemical and at least one donor chemical. The solution is then incubated so that a portion of the acceptor chemical reacts with the donor chemical to form an acceptor product. Unreacted donor chemical is separated from the acceptor product. The acceptor product or the donor chemical is then measured using X-ray fluorescence. An additional analytical method is also used to measure either the acceptor product or the donor chemical.