The object is to provide a lysis method, lysis treatment solution, detection method using an immunochromatographic device, and detection kit comprising an immunochromatographic device for detecting whether causative bacteria of mastitis are coliform bacteria or not by using milk of a livestock animal. There is provided a method for lysing coliform bacteria, which comprises the step of mixing a lysis agent containing a lytic enzyme, and at least one kind of anionic surfactant, and preferably further containing at least one kind of nonionic surfactant, with milk obtained form a livestock animal to lyse coliform bacteria existing in the milk. The lytic enzyme is preferably lysozyme.

Disclosed are methods, apparatus, kits and compositions for determining the absence of a systemic bacterial infection (sepsis) in patients, particularly ones presenting to hospital emergency departments (ED) as outpatients, by measurement of the host immune response using peripheral blood. The are methods, apparatus, kits and compositions can be used in mammals for diagnosing, making treatment decisions, determining the next procedure or diagnostic test, or management of patients suspected of having an infection, including those presenting with fever or other signs of systemic inflammation. More particularly, peripheral blood RNA and protein biomarkers are disclosed that are useful for distinguishing between the host immune response to bacteria compared to the host immune response to other causes of systemic inflammation including trauma, burns, autoimmune disease, asthma, anaphylaxis, arthritis, obesity and viral infections. As such, the biomarkers are useful for distinguishing bacterial-associated systemic inflammatory response syndrome from non-bacterial systemic inflammation to provide clinicians with strong negative predictive value (>95%) so that sepsis can be excluded as a diagnosis in patients presenting to ED with clinical signs of systemic inflammation.

Compositions consisting of bioactive molecules derived from the microbiota of a mammal are provided herein. When administered orally with a colonic delivery system, the compositions are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, in particular inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious diseases. The compositions comprise combinations of small molecules and bacterial antigens formulated in colonic delivery systems. Use of the compositions results in any or all of: induction of immune tolerance; strengthening of the gut mucosal barrier integrity; reduction of inflammation; and amelioration of a disease state caused by inflammation, an autoimmune reaction or an infectious agent.

Methods of diagnosing infections are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises measuring the amount of each of the polypeptides TRAIL, CRP, IP10 and at least one additional polypeptide selected from the group consisting of IL-6 and PCT.

The present invention discloses a method to determine whether a warning sign will occur in a subject with the Flavivirus infectious illness, and a pharmaceutical composition. The method includes steps of measuring the level of serum hyaluronan of the subject, and determining that the warning sign will occur in his/her illness course when the level is higher than or equal to 70 ng/mL. It is identified in the invention that the level of the serum hyaluronan is an excellent predicator for the severity of the Flavivirus infectious illness. The pharmaceutical composition is used for blocking the serum hyaluronan of the Flavivirus-infected subjects to prevent inflammation, and includes a therapeutically effective amount of a 4-methyl umbelliferone sodium salt, a CD44 siRNA, an anti-CD44 antibody or a hyaluronidase, wherein the therapeutically effective amount is an effective blood concentration of the 4-methyl umbelliferone sodium salt, the CD44 siRNA, the anti-CD44 antibody, and the hyaluronidase of the subject being in a range from 0.05 mM to 5 mM, 1 nM to 100 nM, 5 g/ml to 500 g/ml and 0.5 unit/mL to 50 units/mL, respectively.

Methods of diagnosing infections are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises measuring the amount of each of the polypeptides TRAIL, CRP, IP10 and at least one additional polypeptide selected from the group consisting of IL-6 and PCT.

An method of malaria detection includes providing an interdigitated sensor having a first electrode with a plurality of fingers and a second electrode with a plurality of fingers, interspersed and spaced apart from the fingers of the first electrode. A quantity of blood to be tested is received on the sensor. The blood is to be dried and is measured for at least one measurable characteristic, including a resistance of the blood. The presence of malaria infected blood is determined based on a comparison between the measurable characteristics and a predetermined threshold related to the measurable characteristics.

Antibodies that specifically bind influenza virus hemagglutinin A (HA), and antigen binding fragments thereof are disclosed herein. In several embodiments, these antibodies are broadly neutralizing. Nucleic acids encoding these monoclonal antibodies, vectors including these nucleic acids, and host cells transformed with these vectors are also disclosed. Compositions are disclosed that include these antibodies, antigen binding fragments, nucleic acids, vectors and host cells. Method of using these antibodies, and antigen binding fragments, nucleic acids, vectors and host cells, such as for diagnosis and treatment of an influenza virus infection are also provided.

Compositions consisting of bioactive molecules derived from the microbiota of a mammal are provided herein. When administered orally with a colonic delivery system, the compositions are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, in particular inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious diseases. The compositions comprise combinations of small molecules and bacterial antigens formulated in colonic delivery systems. Use of the compositions results in any or all of: induction of immune tolerance; strengthening of the gut mucosal barrier integrity; reduction of inflammation; and amelioration of a disease state caused by inflammation, an autoimmune reaction or an infectious agent.

The present invention relates to a method for finishing fibers and/or fabrics, the intention being to reduce the adhesion of microorganisms, especially of bacteria and/or yeasts, to the fibers and/or fabrics. The method involves applying a composition ZS comprising selected hydrophilic silane derivatives to the fibers and/or fabrics. The invention further relates to a method for the quantitative determination of the adhesion of microorganisms to fibers and/or fabrics.