The present invention relates to a composition for diagnosing bone metastasis of cancer, a method for providing information needed for diagnosis of bone metastasis of cancer using same, a method for providing information needed for monitoring responses to treatment of bone metastasis of cancer using same, and a method for screening a therapeutic agent for bone metastasis of cancer using same. The composition for diagnosing bone metastasis of cancer of the present invention has the effect of effectively diagnosing bone metastasis of cancer at an early stage.

The invention generally relates to methods for quantifying an amount of enzyme molecules. Systems and methods of the invention are provided for measuring an amount of target by forming a plurality of fluid partitions, a subset of which include the target, performing an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the subset, and detecting the number of partitions in the subset. The amount of target can be determined based on the detected number.

The present application demonstrates that sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) acts as a cellular lipoamidase that negatively regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity through hydrolysis of its lipoamide cofactors.

This invention is directed to compositions and methods for detecting proteinopathies.

The present invention provides methods of calibrating a fluidic device useful for detecting an analyte of interest in a bodily fluid. The invention also provides methods for assessing the reliability of an assay for an analyte in a bodily fluid with the use of a fluidic device. Another aspect of the invention is a method for performing a trend analysis on the concentration of an analyte in a subject using a fluidic device.

The present invention concerns an in vitro screening assay for identification of modulators of tubulin carboxypeptidase (TCPase) activity comprising the steps of: (i) Contacting (a) a substrate of TCPase enzyme comprising an amino acids sequence having at least the last 4 amino acids residues of the C-terminal sequence of an α-tubulin and/or a Microtubule Associated Protein (MAP) and, as ultimate C-terminal amino acid residue, an aromatic amino acid residue, preferably a tyrosine (Y), and b) an isolated or recombinant TCPase enzyme; in the presence or absence (control) of the modulator compound to be tested, and under conditions for substrate cleavage, preferably detyrosination, and/or liberation of a C-terminal free aromatic amino acid residue, preferably a C-terminal free tyrosine; (ii) Using reagents for detecting and measuring the signal related to substrate cleavage, preferably detyrosination, and/or liberation of the C-terminal free aromatic amino acid residue, preferably the C-terminal free tyrosine; (iii) Measuring and comparing the level of substrate cleavage, preferably detyrosination and/or the level of the C-terminal free aromatic amino acid residue, preferably the C-terminal free tyrosine in presence and in absence (control) of the compound to be tested, and (iv) Selecting the modulators of TCPase for which the level of substrate cleavage, preferably detyrosination or liberation of the C-terminal aromatic amino acid residue, preferably C-terminal free tyrosine is increased in the presence of the compound to be tested (activators of TCPase) or decreased in the presence of the compound to be tested (inhibitors of TCPase). The present invention also concerns kits for performing such in vitro screening assay.

The present invention relates to a method for identifying compounds or agents able to induce ubiquitination of a protein of interest. Further, the present invention relates to compounds/agents obtainable by the method of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for treating cancer or other diseases comprising administering the chemical compound or agent obtainable by the method of the present invention. Moreover, the present invention relates to a eukaryotic cell comprising enhanced cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) activity and/or constantly neddylated cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases/CRLs.

The disclosure relates to optimized cancer vaccines, as well as methods of making the vaccines, using the vaccines, and compositions comprising the vaccines. The cancer vaccines comprise personalized cancer antigens or portions of cancer hotspot antigens. Additionally, the disclosure relates to a computerized system for selecting nucleic acids to include in an optimized cancer vaccine.

An antibody against a peptide having an amino acid sequence AVQGPEETVT QDC (expressed in single letter amino acid code) as represented by SEQ ID: NO. 1 corresponding to the 134- to 146-positions in human BAFF (B cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family) protein which is preferably a monoclonal antibody; a method of producing the above antibody; a medicinal composition containing the antibody; utilization of the antibody; and a method of screening an inhibitory effect or an activating effect on BAFF with the use of the antibody.

The present invention provides for novel methods for regulating and detecting the cytosine methylation status of DNA. The invention is based upon identification of a novel and surprising catalytic activity for the family of TET proteins, namely TET1, TET2, TET3, and CXXC4. The novel activity is related to the enzymes being capable of converting the cytosine nucleotide 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by hydroxylation.