Described are various current measurement techniques that can compensate for drift in shunt resistance. Determining a resistance of a shunt resistor, e.g., coupled to a battery terminal, can include introducing a known signal in sync with the chop phases of a dual system chop scheme, chopping the known signal out in the main signal path, and explicitly extracting the known signal in a parallel, additional signal deprocessing path.

The aim of the invention is to prevent undesired false triggering of a safety device, which protects a person from electric shock as a result of unintentional contact with voltage-carrying or current-carrying parts. This aim is achieved in that a triggering sensitivity (E.sub.A) of the safety device is changed depending on a determined body resistance (R.sub.K) of the person wearing the safety device.

A simple low-profile waveguide load pull tuner uses a horizontally only moving reflective probe and an adjustable attenuator placed between the DUT and the tuning probe. Both controls are using stepper attenuators mounted on the waveguide. This simplifies the design and minimizes the cost of manufacturing. The tuner has wideband 50 Ohm tuning capability allowing minimum risk of transient spurious oscillations. A de-embedding adapter removal calibration method allows generating thousands of calibrated points in a small fraction of the time needed for calibration of the full permutations.

A detergent supply apparatus, and a washing machine including the same. The washing machine includes the detergent supply apparatus which includes a detergent container accommodating housing installed in the cabinet and having an opening in the front portion of the cabinet, a detergent container configured to store the detergent and to be removably inserted into the detergent container accommodating housing through the opening of the detergent container accommodating housing, a pump unit installed outside the detergent container, and configured to pump the detergent stored in the detergent container to the detergent container accommodating housing, and a connector unit configured to supply power to the pump unit, and including a first body attached on an outer portion of the pump unit and a second body attached on the detergent container accommodating housing, the first body is electrically connected to the second body by being removably attached to the second body.

A detergent supply apparatus, and a washing machine including the same. The washing machine includes the detergent supply apparatus which includes a detergent container accommodating housing installed in the cabinet and having an opening in the front portion of the cabinet, a detergent container configured to store the detergent and to be removably inserted into the detergent container accommodating housing through the opening of the detergent container accommodating housing, a pump unit installed outside the detergent container, and configured to pump the detergent stored in the detergent container to the detergent container accommodating housing, and a connector unit configured to supply power to the pump unit, and including a first body attached on an outer portion of the pump unit and a second body attached on the detergent container accommodating housing, the first body is electrically connected to the second body by being removably attached to the second body.

A capacitive detection and display device and method is used to simultaneously detect and display an image of an object hidden behind an obscuring surface. An electrode applies an electric field to a chamber having a visual display material which is located between the electrode and the obscuring surface. A sensitivity enhancement device is located within the electric field between the chamber and the obscuring surface to increase the sensitivity of the detection and display device and increase its depth of penetration through the obscuring surface. In one embodiment, the sensitivity device comprises an array of sensitivity electrodes formed on a nonconductive substrate. The shape of a hidden object is visually displayed by the visual display material.

A capacitive detection and display device and method is used to simultaneously detect and display an image of an object hidden behind an obscuring surface. An electrode applies an electric field to a chamber having a visual display material which is located between the electrode and the obscuring surface. A sensitivity enhancement device is located within the electric field between the chamber and the obscuring surface to increase the sensitivity of the detection and display device and increase its depth of penetration through the obscuring surface. In one embodiment, the sensitivity device comprises an array of sensitivity electrodes formed on a nonconductive substrate. The shape of a hidden object is visually displayed by the visual display material.

Hundreds of thousands of concrete bridges, buildings etc. and hundreds of billions of tons of concrete require characterization throughout the process from manufacture to pouring and curing and on throughout service life. The characterization may relate to initial concrete properties, projected concrete properties, framework removal, corrosion, failure etc. Accordingly, a variety of measurements such as water content, electrical resistivity, and half-cell corrosion potential for example would be beneficially implemented as easy to use field test equipment or embedded sensors allowing lifetime monitoring to be performed rather than discrete assessments when issues become evident.

Provided are an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus that is capable of generating an image caused by fundamental components of ultrasonic echo signals and synthesizing the generated image with an image caused by harmonic components so that an image having both advantages of the images can be generated, and a method of controlling the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus includes: a transmission beam generating unit that generates a plurality of sets of transmission beams by setting transmission beams which are transmitted in different transmission scan line positions and in which the sum of waveforms is 0, to one set; a reception beam generating unit that generates reception beams with respect to at least one reception scan line in consideration of transmission delay of the transmission beams in each of the transmission scan lines; a signal processing unit that extracts fundamental components and harmonic components from the reception beams, respectively; a synthesization unit that generates synthesized signals by synthesizing the fundamental components and the harmonic components according to a set synthesization ratio; and a display unit that displays a synthesized image including the synthesized signals.

A failure diagnosis system is configured to calculate an estimated irradiation on a first photovoltaic string and an estimated operating temperature of the first photovoltaic string based on a short-circuit current and an open-circuit voltage on a current-voltage characteristic of the first photovoltaic string, and the array output voltage value and the array output current value measured by an array measurement apparatus. The failure diagnosis system is configured to calculate an estimated current value of the first photovoltaic string based on the estimated irradiation, the estimated operating temperature, and the current-voltage characteristic. The failure diagnosis system is configured to diagnose degradation of the first photovoltaic string by comparing the measured current value of the first photovoltaic string and the estimated current value.