Various aspects of the disclosure relate to evaluating the electromagnetic impedance characteristics of a material under test (MUT) over a range of frequencies. In particular aspects, a system includes: an electrically non-conducting container sized to hold the MUT, the electrically non-conducting container having a first opening at a first end thereof and a second opening at a second, opposite end thereof; a transmitting electrode assembly at the first end of the electrically non-conducting container, the transmitting electrode assembly having a transmitting electrode with a transmitting surface; and a receiving electrode assembly at the second end of the electrically non-conducting container, the receiving electrode assembly having a receiving electrode with a receiving surface, wherein the receiving electrode is approximately parallel with the transmitting electrode, and wherein the transmitting surface of the transmitting electrode is larger than the receiving surface of the receiving electrode.

A semiconductor device includes a control signal generation circuit configured to shift a test mode signal in response to a clock signal to generate a plurality of control signals, and a plurality of temperature sensing circuits each including a first resistor having a resistance that varies depending on temperature and configured to generate a temperature sensing signal based on the resistance in response to a corresponding control signal of the plurality of control signals.

An electronic book for detecting page codes by using wireless radio-frequency technology comprising a book and a base, the book comprises a plurality of book pages, and each of the book pages is respectively provided with a wireless radio-frequency unit. The base is provided with an antenna coil and a control circuit, the wireless radio-frequency unit of each of the book pages is disposed at a position opposite to an upper side of the antenna coil. A magnetic flux generated by the antenna coil is transmitted to the wireless radio-frequency unit for generating an operating power to provide for a sensor chip. (The sensor chip generates a digital signal which is converted by a central processing unit to generate a page code output command to control and generate a prompt function of the book page correspondingly disposed above a position of the antenna coil.

An electronic determination device for determining at least one characteristic parameter of a connection set connected between a converter and an electric machine; the converter comprising at least two output terminals and, for each output terminal, a switching branch including at least one converter switch; the connection set comprising a filter connected to the output terminals and a cable connected between the filter and the electric machine; the filter including, for each output terminal, a respective electromagnetic coil connected to said output terminal and a respective capacitor connected to said coil; the determination device comprising: for each output terminal, a device switch configured to be connected to the respective capacitor; a generation module configured to generate a voltage pulse through the connection set, by controlling the converter switches and each device switch; an acquisition module configured to acquire measurements of respective current(s) and voltage(s) through the filter, further to the generation of the respective voltage pulse; and a calculation module configured to calculate at least one characteristic parameter of the connection set according to the respective current(s) and voltage(s) measurements.

An electronic determination device for determining at least one characteristic parameter of a connection set connected between a converter and an electric machine; the converter comprising at least two output terminals and, for each output terminal, a switching branch including at least one converter switch; the connection set comprising a filter connected to the output terminals and a cable connected between the filter and the electric machine; the filter including, for each output terminal, a respective electromagnetic coil connected to said output terminal and a respective capacitor connected to said coil; the determination device comprising: for each output terminal, a device switch configured to be connected to the respective capacitor; a generation module configured to generate a voltage pulse through the connection set, by controlling the converter switches and each device switch; an acquisition module configured to acquire measurements of respective current(s) and voltage(s) through the filter, further to the generation of the respective voltage pulse; and a calculation module configured to calculate at least one characteristic parameter of the connection set according to the respective current(s) and voltage(s) measurements.

A determination method of smoke emission in a battery includes: calculating first and second internal resistance values, of each of the parallel circuits in first and subsequent second periods, respectively; acquiring a temperature value of each of parallel circuits; and determining the smoke emission in at least one of cells included in one of the parallel circuits, when at least detecting that the one of the parallel circuits has the second internal resistance value smaller than the first internal resistance value, and has an increase in the temperature value within a period defined based on the first and second periods.

A determination method of smoke emission in a battery includes: calculating first and second internal resistance values, of each of the parallel circuits in first and subsequent second periods, respectively; acquiring a temperature value of each of parallel circuits; and determining the smoke emission in at least one of cells included in one of the parallel circuits, when at least detecting that the one of the parallel circuits has the second internal resistance value smaller than the first internal resistance value, and has an increase in the temperature value within a period defined based on the first and second periods.

A particle detector for detecting nano-particles contained in fluid is provided. The particle detector includes a substrate and at least one pair of sensing electrodes disposed on the substrate. The substrate includes nano-pores, wherein the pore size of the nano-pores is greater than the particle size of the nano-particles, allowing the nano-particles contained in the fluid passing through the nano-pores. The at least one pair of sensing electrodes are positioned adjacent to at least one of the nano-pores.

An electronic book for detecting page codes by using wireless radio-frequency technology comprising a book and a base, the book comprises a plurality of book pages, and each of the book pages is respectively provided with a wireless radio-frequency unit. The base is provided with an antenna coil and a control circuit, the wireless radio-frequency unit of each of the book pages is disposed at a position opposite to an upper side of the antenna coil. A magnetic flux generated by the antenna coil is transmitted to the wireless radio-frequency unit for generating an operating power to provide for a sensor chip. (The sensor chip generates a digital signal which is converted by a central processing unit to generate a page code output command to control and generate a prompt function of the book page correspondingly disposed above a position of the antenna coil.

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to evaluating the electromagnetic impedance characteristics of a material under test (MUT) over a range of frequencies. In particular aspects, a system includes: an electrically non-conducting container sized to hold the MUT, the electrically non-conducting container having a first opening at a first end thereof and a second opening at a second, opposite end thereof; a transmitting electrode assembly at the first end of the electrically non-conducting container, the transmitting electrode assembly having a transmitting electrode with a transmitting surface; and a receiving electrode assembly at the second end of the electrically non-conducting container, the receiving electrode assembly having a receiving electrode with a receiving surface, wherein the receiving electrode is approximately parallel with the transmitting electrode, and wherein the transmitting surface of the transmitting electrode is larger than the receiving surface of the receiving electrode.