The present invention includes systems and methods for a continuous-wave (CW) radar system for detecting, geolocating, identifying, discriminating between, and mapping ferrous and nonferrous metals in brackish and saltwater environments. The CW radar system generates multiple extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves simultaneously and uses said waves to detect, locate, and classify objects of interest. These objects include all types of ferrous and nonferrous metals, as well as changing material boundary layers (e.g., soil to water, sand to mud, rock to organic materials, water to air, etc.). The CW radar system is operable to detect objects of interest in near real time.

A method for identifying in situ presence of a hydrocarbon reservoir or of a pipeline leakage is disclosed. The method can include obtaining a sample from an area of interest, such as a sediment sample or water column sample near a hydrocarbon seep or near an offshore pipeline; analyzing the sample to detect nucleic acid, protein or metabolite signatures that are indicative of cold-shock response; identifying the relative abundance of the cold-shock signatures present in the sample in comparison to the surrounding environment.

Disclosed is a method and process for measuring oceanographic parameters that may be used to create estimates of the quantity of carbon dioxide gas that is removed from the atmosphere from an Ocean Iron Enrichment event. This process uses data observations from Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Satellite observations and/or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to determine metrics such as chlorophyll, temperature, turbidity, oxygen, particulate inorganic carbon etc. that may be used to calculate the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide that is removed from the atmosphere. Therefore, the carbon dioxide removal may be determined without requiring a manned presence in the area of study, providing a significant reduction in cost. Direct in-situ measurements of carbon flux through analysis of physical samples through the water column may be used as a verification/calibration metric using sediment traps spaced vertically in the water column from surface to the deep thermocline layer. Alternatively, water samples may be collected and used as an alternative.

Disclosed is a method and process for measuring oceanographic parameters that may be used to create estimates of the quantity of carbon dioxide gas that is removed from the atmosphere from an Ocean Iron Enrichment event. This process uses data observations from Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Satellite observations and/or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to determine metrics such as chlorophyll, temperature, turbidity, oxygen, particulate inorganic carbon etc. that may be used to calculate the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide that is removed from the atmosphere. Therefore, the carbon dioxide removal may be determined without requiring a manned presence in the area of study, providing a significant reduction in cost. Direct in-situ measurements of carbon flux through analysis of physical samples through the water column may be used as a verification/calibration metric using sediment traps spaced vertically in the water column from surface to the deep thermocline layer. Alternatively, water samples may be collected and used as an alternative.

Methods are provided for determining the drilling state of a downhole tool and controlling the trajectory of the downhole tool in a wellbore during a drilling operation. One method may include identifying a drilling parameter indicative of the drilling state of the downhole tool in the wellbore. The method may also include determining the drilling state based on the identified drilling parameter. The identified drilling parameter may be obtained from a sensor communicatively coupled with a processor and disposed in the wellbore. The method may further include adjusting the operation of an integral controller based on the determined drilling state to control the trajectory of the downhole tool in the wellbore during the drilling operation.

A data acquisition program, which includes core, image log, microseismic, DAS, DTS, and pressure data, is described. This program can be used in conjunction with a variety of techniques to accurately monitor and conduct well stimulation.

An in-situ and on-line acoustic measuring system for natural gas flux at the hydrocarbon seeps at a seafloor includes a seepage tent and a flow measuring channel. The flow measuring channel includes a lower bubble breaking channel, an ultrasonic transducer measuring channel and an upper bubble breaking channel. The lower bubble breaking channel communicates with the seepage tent provided with bubble breaking grids. Lower and upper bubble breaking devices, arranged in a bubble rising direction, are respectively mounted in the lower and upper bubble breaking channels. One side of the ultrasonic transducer measuring channel is fixedly connected with an acoustic wave demultiplexer, and the other side is fixedly connected with flat receiving transducers receiving transmitting acoustic waves generated by an acoustic wave branching unit. Acoustic wave probes, also used for receiving the transmitting acoustic waves generated by the acoustic wave demultiplexer, are arranged in the ultrasonic transducer measuring channel.

A method for ranking thermal reactivities for kinetics assignment in basin modeling may include obtaining information relating to various source rock samples. The method may include determining thermal reactivities of source rocks corresponding to the various source rock samples. The source rocks are at a same level of thermal maturity in an area of interest. The method may include ranking the thermal reactivities at different thermal maturities. The method includes comparing published, archived and measured kinetic parameters of source rocks in the area of interest. The method may include sorting kinetic parameters in organofacies of a source rock formation in terms of reactivity and maturity. The method may include assigning kinetic parameters derived from an immature source rock unit to mature source rock units in a source rock formation in a sedimentary basin. The method may include evaluating the reactivities to improve selection and assignment of the kinetic parameters in the basin modeling.

A downhole installation comprises: a first pipe layer 8, a second pipe layer 10 about the first pipe layer 8, an annulus 12 between the first pipe layer 8 and the second pipe layer, and a geological formation outside of the second pipe layer 10. A method for evaluating the downhole installation comprises: exciting a flexural wave in the first pipe layer 8 using an angled acoustic transmitter 20; receiving third interface echo data using a plurality of angled acoustic receivers 14, 16 at different locations along the longitudinal extent of the pipe layers 8, 10; generating acoustic resonance across the thickness of the first pipe layer 8 and the second pipe layer 10 by use of full waveform excitation; receiving the acoustic response wave field generated by the full waveform; identifying a suitable component of the acoustic response wave field as being representative of the material state behind the second pipe layer 10; determining, based on the amplitude of the identified component and a suitable threshold value, if the material outside the second pipe layer 12 is fluid or solid; and analysing the third interface echo data in light of the determined material state in order to thereby evaluate material conditions in the annulus 12 outside the second pipe layer 10.

In certain aspects, an enclosure for a wireless power transfer pad is disclosed. The enclosure includes a cover shell configured to be positioned over a portion of the wireless power transfer pad configured to face a wireless power receiver when wirelessly transferring power, wherein at least a portion of the cover shell is made of a heat resistant material.