A method of synthesizing an effective refractive index metamaterial, the method may include the steps of: a) analysing an effective index material by directing an electromagnetic plane-wave towards a surface of the metamaterial and calculating the polarization currents distribution field in the metamaterial, wherein the effective refractive index metamaterial is comprised of a plurality of layers of at least a first material having a first refractive index and at least a second material having a second refractive index; b) filtering and sampling the polarization currents distribution field according to the layers, wherein the layers comprise pre-determined parameters requirements, the parameters including at least one of: refractive indexes of the first material and the second material, effective refractive index of the layer and thickness of the layer; and c) determining a layer arrangement and thickness for the first and second materials comprising the plurality of layers.

A method of fabricating an optical lens disclosed herein includes forming a layer of a flat lens structure on a front surface of a substrate, depositing a protective metal layer on the layer of the flat lens structure and on a back surface of the substrate, wherein the protective layer includes chromium, gold, titanium, or nickel, wherein the back surface is located opposite to and away from the front surface having the layer of the flat lens structure, irradiating the protective metal layer at the front surface with a laser to form a channel (i) through the protective metal layer, (ii) through the layer of the flat lens structure and (iii) in the substrate, removing the protective metal layer at the front surface and the back surface of the substrate, and separating the layer of the flat lens structure from the substrate to obtain the optical lens, wherein the channel has a depth defined by a thickness of the substrate remaining at the channel after irradiating the protective metal layer at the front surface with the laser. The optical lens fabricated from the method is also disclosed herein.

An octave bandwidth, achromatic metalens configured to operate in light wavelengths having a range of approximately 640 nm to 1200 nm.

Disclosed are a photonic crystal microscope and a method of measuring cellular forces. The photonic crystal substrate includes a photonic crystal substrate, a stage, a probe light source, and an imaging assembly, the photonic crystal substrate being disposed above the stage, the probe light source and the imaging assembly being sequentially disposed at a side of the stage opposite the photonic crystal substrate, the photonic crystal substrate being configured to culture a to-be-measured cell, the photonic crystal substrate being deformable when the to-be-measured cell grows on the photonic crystal substrate; the probe light source is configured to emit probe light to the photonic crystal substrate; the photonic crystal substrate is configured to reflect the probe light to the imaging assembly; the imaging assembly is configured to receive the light reflected from the photonic crystal substrate to perform imaging.

An effective nonlinear optical coefficient optimization method for langasite group solid solution crystals is disclosed. The langasite group crystal A.sub.3BC.sub.3D.sub.2O.sub.14 mainly includes langanite (LGN) crystal, langatate (LGT) crystal and langasite (LGS) crystal. The solid solution crystals are formed by adjusting a component proportion of langasite group crystals with the same structure, so that different ions mix and occupy sites in a polyhedral group, and a polyhedral lattice structure, distortion degree, refractive index and refractive dispersion of the solid solution crystal are changed. The reduction of the phase matching angle and the improvement of the nonlinear optical coefficient are realized, and the effective nonlinear optical coefficient is finally optimized.

In one embodiment, the optoelectronic semiconductor chip comprises a semiconductor layer sequence with an active zone for generating a radiation. The semiconductor layer sequence is based on AlInGaP and/or on AlInGaAs. A metal mirror for the radiation is located on a rear side of the semiconductor layer sequence opposite a light extraction side. A protective metallization is applied directly to a side of the metal mirror facing away from the semiconductor layer sequence. An adhesion promoting layer is located directly on a side of the metal mirror facing the semiconductor layer sequence. The adhesion promoting layer is an encapsulation layer for the metal mirror, so that the metal mirror is encapsulated at least at one outer edge by the adhesion promoting layer together with the protective metallization.

A general purpose sensor architecture integrating a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate, a diffractive laser beam delivery substrate and a diffractive infrared detection substrate is provided that can be used to implement a low-cost, compact lab-on-a-chip biosensor that can meet the needs of large-scale infectious disease testing. The sensor architecture can also be used in any other application in which molecules present in the liquid, gaseous or solid phases need to be characterized reliably, cost-effectively and with minimal intervention by highly skilled personnel.

A metasurface optical device includes a substrate, an optical medium layer disposed on the substrate, a plurality of nanoholes disposed in the optical medium layer, and a reflective layer covering sidewalls of the plurality of nanoholes. The plurality of nanoholes penetrate the optical medium layer and extend to the substrate.

A metasurface optical device includes a substrate and a nano-structure layer disposed on the substrate. The nano-structure layer includes a plurality of nano-structure units. The plurality of nano-structure units extend in a direction away from the substrate, and central axes of the plurality of nano-structure units form corresponding angles with respect to a normal direction of the substrate, such that the plurality of nano-structure units are arranged obliquely relative to the substrate.

A metasurface optical device includes a substrate and a nano-structure layer disposed on the substrate. The nano-structure layer includes a plurality of composite nano units each including a plurality of nano-structure units arranged on the substrate. Arrangement periods of the plurality of composite nano units are not completely same, and arrangement periods of the plurality of nano-structure units in one composite nano unit of the plurality of composite nano units are not completely same.