The present invention provides a reflective polarized-light separating diffraction-element usable in a wide wavelength region including an ultraviolet region, and an optical measurement device comprising the same. The reflective polarized-light separating diffraction-element comprises: a substrate (1); a reflection surface (2) formed on a surface of the substrate (1); and a lattice structured body assembly (3) that is provided on the reflection surface (2) and shows a form birefringence (Δn*). The lattice structured body assembly (3) consists of lattice structured bodies (3A, 3B, 3C and 3D) of four patterns having lattice structures of different azimuths. The lattice structured bodies (3A, 3B, 3C and 3D) of a plurality of patterns are aligned on the reflection surface 2 in a predetermined direction such that the azimuths of the lattice structures change in a structurally periodic manner.

An optical film includes a low-refractive-index layer that includes a plurality of lens portions, and a high-refractive-index layer that fills a space between the plurality of lens portions. The lens portions each have a columnar shape and have a flat portion at an end thereof, and are arranged two-dimensionally. Distances between portions of the lens portions satisfy the following equation:

((P.sub.A−((A.sub.IN+A.sub.EX)/2))×(P.sub.B−((B.sub.IN+B.sub.EX)/2)))/(P.sub.A×P.sub.B) is 0.42 or greater and 0.70 or less.

Provided is a black light-shielding member, which has an excellent effect of anti-reflection that based on low glossiness and has a high blackness. A black light-shielding member including a substrate film, a resin-made light-shielding layer having a concave-convex shape formed on at least one surface of the substrate film, and a blackened layer formed on the resin-made light-shielding layer is produced. By adjusting an arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra of the surface on which the light-shielding layer and the blackened layer are formed to be 0.25 μm or more, and the maximum thickness of the blackened layer is less than the said Ra, a blackness with an L value of 12 or less is achieved.

Two groups of multilayer selective light wave absorbing materials, group (a) and group (b), where group (a) is applied on top of the surface of a projection screen or any surface on which colored videos or pictures can be projected on by a projector, where the multilayers of group (a) selectively absorb the visible light waves with wavelengths other than the RGB waves matching the RGB wave wavelengths projected by the projector, and where group (b) is applied on top of the transparent surfaces of windows and light fixtures present where the projector and the screen are placed or installed, where the multilayers of group (b) selectively absorb the visible light waves matching the RGB light waves projected by the projector. With group (b) absorbing the RGB waves of the ambient light on the transparent surface of the windows and the surface of the light fixtures, and the rest of the light waves of the ambient light being absorbed by group (a) on top of the projection screen or surface, the result is then no light waves reaching the surface of the projection screen or surface other than the projector's RGB. This means that without the projector light, the screen appears as a black screen with a high contrast ratio and high gain. (FIG. 3)

This invention presented herein shall be utilized for front and rear projection. In addition, group (a) multilayers can be used on LCD screens, including Switchable Glass and films, to enhance ambient light rejection and to help reduce the leaking light from the light source inside the LCD TVs. Group (a) multilayers can be used on the surface of LED screens to enhance ambient light rejection and can be used on the cover of mobile phone screens to improve visibility under bright light conditions.

A tray feeding box includes a box body; a cover, arranged at a first end of the box body; and a bottom board, arranged at a second end of the box body away from the cover. The cover includes at least one first cover arranged at the first end of the box body. The at least one first cover is defined with a first opening. The box body is defined with a take-out gap communicated with the first opening.

Control instructions are transmitted to receivers by modulating light sources to generate light beams that are modulated with digital data streams for inducing control instructions in the light beams. Each light beam is applied to a pixel shaper element of a pixel shaper assembly to produce a light pixel, each light pixel carrying the control instructions of the light beam, each light pixel having a perimeter defined by the pixel shaper element. The pixel shaper assembly combines the light pixels into an image without significant overlap or voids between the light pixels. The light pixels are directed toward a projector lens for transmission toward the receivers. In a receiver, an optical receiver detects a light pixel. A controller decodes the control instructions received in the detected light pixel and uses the control instructions to control a function of the receiver.

An optical system of the present disclosure includes: a first optical system including a polarization conversion element aligning a polarization direction of light including color light beams with a predetermined polarization direction, and generating illumination light including the color light beams; a first polarization rotation element disposed at a first pupil position inside the first optical system, including first and second divided regions, in which the first and second divided regions have different polarization characteristics with respect to a first color light beam outputted from the polarization conversion element; a polarizer disposed between the polarization conversion element and the first polarization rotation element, and reducing light in a polarization direction other than the predetermined polarization direction included in light outputted from the polarization conversion element; and light valves each illuminated by at least the first color light beam included in the illumination light generated by the first optical system.

An optical element includes a light guide plate, an incidence portion, and an emission portion, in which each of the incidence portion and the emission portion includes diffraction portions, the diffraction portion includes diffraction elements, the diffraction element includes a liquid crystal diffraction layer in which a direction of an optical axis of a liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in one in-plane direction, and in a case where the direction in which the direction of the optical axis changes is set as an in-plane rotation direction and a length over which the optical axis rotates by 180° is set as an in-plane period, in-plane rotation directions of liquid crystal diffraction layers of incidence diffraction elements in at least two of a plurality of the incidence diffraction portions are different from each other.

An inspecting apparatus includes a table for supporting a workpiece thereon, a light applying unit for applying light to the workpiece supported on the table, and a light detector for detecting light reflected from the workpiece. The light detector includes a camera and a diffusion plate disposed between the table and the camera.

A beam shaper (1) for shaping a laser beam is provided, including a first beam shaping section (2) designed for shaping a central part of the laser beam, and a second beam shaping section (3) designed for shaping a peripheral part of the laser beam. Moreover, a device for laser beam treatment of a workpiece and a method for laser beam treatment of a workpiece are provided.