A light-emitting module includes a light guide member including a first light guide portion including a first upper surface, a first lower surface, a first lateral surface, a first extending portion facing the first lateral surface and extending continuously from a portion of the first lateral surface, and a first hole portion, and a second light guide portion including a second upper surface, a second lower surface, a second lateral surface, a second extending portion facing the second lateral surface and extending continuously from a portion of the second lateral surface, and a second hole portion; a light source unit including a first light source disposed in the first hole portion, and a second light source disposed in the second hole portion; and a first light-reflective member covering at least a portion of the first lateral surface facing the first extending portion and at least a portion of the first extending portion facing the first lateral surface, in which the first extending portion faces the second extending portion.

An optical modulator includes an acousto-optic assembly and a thermal management apparatus. The acousto-optic assembly includes: an acousto-optic material; a first side configured to receive an incident light beam; and a second side configured to emit an output light beam based on the incident light beam. The thermal management apparatus includes: a first thermally conductive material in thermal contact with the first side of the acousto-optic assembly; and a second thermally conductive material in thermal contact with the second side of the acousto-optic assembly.

Devices including nematic liquid crystal-forming molecules are disclosed. The molecules include one or more dipoles and exist in a ferroelectric nematic state. Exemplary devices can further include an electrode for applying an electric field in, for example, and in-plane direction.

A system for customization of a photochromic article (14) includes a container (12) having an interior (28). At least one actinic radiation source (34) is located in the interior (28) of the container (12). At least one deactivation radiation source (36) is located in the interior (28) of the container (12). A method of customizing a photochromic article (14) includes inserting a photochromic article (14) having at least one non-thermally reversible photochromic material into a container (12) having at least one actinic radiation source (34) and actuating the at least one actinic radiation source (34) to activate the at least one non-thermally reversible photochromic material.

A two-dimensional waveguide light multiplexer is described herein that can efficiently multiplex and distribute a light signal in two dimensions. An example of a two-dimensional waveguide light multiplexer can include a waveguide, a first diffraction grating, and a second diffraction grating disposed above the first diffraction grating and arranged such that the grating direction of the first diffraction grating is perpendicular to the grating direction of the second diffraction grating. Methods of fabricating a two-dimensional waveguide light multiplexer are also disclosed.

Disclosed in the present invention are a chalcogenide phase change material based all-optical switch and a manufacturing method therefor, relating to the field of optical communications. The all-optical switch comprises: stacked in sequence, a cover layer film, a chalcogenide phase change material film, an isolation layer film, a silicon photonic crystal, and a substrate. The silicon photonic crystal comprises a nano-porous structure such that the silicon photonic crystal has a Fano resonance effect. When the all-optical switch is used, the state of the chalcogenide phase change material film is controlled by means of laser, and the resonance state of the silicon photonic crystal is modulated to implement modulation of signal light transmissivity; the modulation range is within a communication band from 1500 nm to 1600 nm, thereby implementing an optical switch. The all-optical switch of the present invention has the characteristics of high contrast ratio, high rate and low loss.

A measurement system for measuring a motion picture response time (MPRT) of a liquid crystal display (LCD) has a computer and a measurement device. The computer controls a display panel of the LCD to switch between a plurality of different gray levels. The measurement device measures variations of brightness of the display panel when the display panel switches its gray level. The computer obtains at least a gray level response time (GLRT) normalized curve according to results of measuring the variations of the brightness. The computer integrates the at least a GLRT normalized curve to obtain at least an MPRT normalized curve, obtains at least a time interval of the at least an MPRT normalized curve, and calculates an average of the at least a time interval to obtain the MPRT of the LCD.

A surface light source device includes a substrate, a plurality of light emitting devices and a light diffusion member. The light flux controlling member includes an incidence surface and an emission surface. In one light emitting device among the plurality of light emitting devices, light—emitted from the light emitting center of the light emitting element at an emission angle of 80° or less with respect to the optical axis of the light emitting element, incident on the incidence surface, and emitted from the emission surface—reaches the light diffusion member without reaching another light emitting device among the plurality of light emitting devices.

The embodiments herein relate to methods for controlling an optical transition and the ending tint state of an optically switchable device, and optically switchable devices configured to perform such methods. In various embodiments, non-optical (e.g., electrical) feedback is used to help control an optical transition. The feedback may be used for a number of different purposes. In many implementations, the feedback is used to control an ongoing optical transition. In some embodiments a transfer function is used calibrate optical drive parameters to control the tinting state of optically switching devices.

A metasurface includes a plurality of Bragg mirrors, each having a defect cavity therein, arrayed in a grid. A heat source is provided for each of the plurality of Bragg mirrors. Each heat source is positioned to selectively modulate heat applied to its respective Bragg mirror and to impart a different phase shift via the applied heat from the heat source.