An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a developing device, and an intermediate transfer member. The developing device includes a toner container containing a toner. The intermediate transfer member is charged to 3.0 nC/g or less in terms of absolute value at the surface thereof. The toner particles include a surface layer, and the brightness histogram of the toner particles has two local maximums P1 and P2 and a local minimum between P1 and P2. P2 is derived from the organosilicon polymer. P1 lies in a brightness range of 20 to 70, and P2 lies in a brightness range of 130 to 230. The number of pixels of P1 and the number of pixels of P2 are each 0.50% or more relative to the total number of pixels. The total numbers of pixels A1, AV, and A2 each in a specific brightness range satisfy specific relationships.

A binary ink developer (BID) assembly for a liquid electrophotography (LEP) printing device can include a developer roller having an electrically insulating exterior coating that receives ink from an ink supply and transfers the received ink to a photoconductive imaging cylinder in accordance with an electrostatic image on the imaging cylinder. A charge-specified boundary condition can exist at the boundary between the exterior coating and the ink. Electrically conductive ink may not be transferred to the imaging cylinder at background portions of the electrostatic image.

A binary ink developer (BID) assembly for a liquid electrophotography (LEP) printing device can include a developer roller having an electrically insulating exterior coating that receives ink from an ink supply and transfers the received ink to a photoconductive imaging cylinder in accordance with an electrostatic image on the imaging cylinder. A charge-specified boundary condition can exist at the boundary between the exterior coating and the ink. Electrically conductive ink may not be transferred to the imaging cylinder at background portions of the electrostatic image.

This disclosure relates to a liquid electrophotographic composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer resin, a charge adjuvant, microspheres, and a liquid carrier. Each microsphere comprises a shell of material encapsulating a gas. The microspheres are present in an amount of 5 to 90 weight % of the total weight of solids in the composition.

An image forming apparatus for developing an image with developer includes a development part, a transfer part, and a fuser the medium. The developer is configured with a plurality of particles, an average circularity degree of the developer is ranged within 0.955 to 0.970, and a peeling rate (%) of the external additive by a following equation is 30.6% or less,
peeling rate (%)=[1(X/Y)]100(1) wherein X is an amount (weight %) of the external additive included in the developer after ultrasonic waves are applied, and Y is an amount (weight %) of the external additive included in the developer before the ultrasonic waves are applied.

An electrophotographic varnish composition that comprises, in a liquid carrier, a polymeric resin; an epoxy-based cross-linking agent, a mono-epoxy diluent and a metal catalyst and/or a photo-initiator. Also described herein is a method for making such electrophotographic varnish composition.

An electrophotographic toner set, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method include a developer toner and a replenishment toner. The developer toner and the replenishment toner each include toner particles, and silica particles and titania particles provided on the surfaces of the toner particles. The silica particles have a BET specific surface area of 15 to 95 m.sup.2/g and are surface-treated with a silicone oil. The relationship between the content of the silica particles of the developer toner and the content of the silica particles of the replenishment toner, and the relationship between the content of the titania particles of the developer toner and the content of the titania particles of the replenishment toner each have particular values.

A white toner for electrostatic charge image development contains a toner particle that includes a toner base particle containing a binder resin, a white colorant, and a releasing agent, and an external additive, wherein the toner particle contains, as the external additive, a fatty acid metal salt particle having a volume-based median diameter in a range of 0.5 to 1.5 m, and an average circularity of the toner particles is in a range of 0.870 to 0.950.

An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes a plurality of toner particles each including a toner mother particle and an external additive attached to a surface of the toner mother particle. The external additive includes a plurality of resin particles each containing first temperature responsive polymer domains and second temperature responsive polymer domains. The second temperature responsive polymer domains have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) higher than that of the first temperature responsive polymer domains.

An image forming apparatus includes a transfer unit which includes a belt member having an outer peripheral surface which contacts an image holding member, and a transfer member, and the belt member is wound around both of the image holding member and the transfer member, wherein a toner to be used includes a binder resin containing an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin and has specific physical properties described in the specification, and paraffin wax having a melting temperature of 60 C. to 80 C., and an absolute value of a difference between the melting temperature of the crystalline resin and the melting temperature of the paraffin wax is 10 C. or less.