A report interval mode is selected from one of multiple selectable report interval modes in cases where the preferred sensor sample intervals of multiple applications are different. By using multiple selectable report interval modes some of the problems that occur when a single fixed report interval mode is used can be avoided.

A receiver may include a time-interleaved charge sampler comprising a charge sampler switch in series with a charge sampler capacitor. The receiver may also include a current buffer configured to drive the time-interleaved charge sampler.

A pulsar based timing synchronization method and system are disclosed. In one example, a method includes receiving, by a pulsar signal receiver device, a pulse signal emitted from one or more celestial objects and processing, by the pulsar signal receiver device, the pulse signal to discipline a local clock to determine an accurate time output. The method also includes generating, by the pulsar signal receiver device, a timing synchronization signal based on the determined accurate time output. The method further includes providing, by the pulsar signal receiver device, the timing synchronization signal to at least one of a local power system device and a timing distribution network server.

A pulsar based timing synchronization method and system are disclosed. In one example, a method includes receiving, by a pulsar signal receiver device, a pulse signal emitted from one or more celestial objects and processing, by the pulsar signal receiver device, the pulse signal to discipline a local clock to determine an accurate time output. The method also includes generating, by the pulsar signal receiver device, a timing synchronization signal based on the determined accurate time output. The method further includes providing, by the pulsar signal receiver device, the timing synchronization signal to at least one of a local power system device and a timing distribution network server.

Disclosed examples provide gas cells and a method of fabricating a gas cell, including forming a cavity in a first substrate, forming a first conductive material on a sidewall of the cavity, forming a glass layer on the first conductive material, forming a second conductive material on a bottom side of a second substrate, etching the second conductive material to form apertures through the second conductive material, forming conductive coupling structures on a top side of the second substrate, and bonding a portion of the bottom side of the second substrate to a portion of the first side of the first substrate to seal the cavity.

Descriptions of time altering apparatuses for removing a need for leap seconds are provided. Currently leap seconds are applied to Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) in order to align UTC with mean solar time. In one embodiment a time measurement system is connected to a gigantic heavy flywheel positioned at at least one of a north rotational pole or south rotational pole of the Earth. The time measurement system may determine a shift of UTC away from mean solar time and may subsequently speed up or slow down the flywheel to adjust a rotational speed of the Earth in order to move UTC back to mean solar time. In a second embodiment a similar time measurement system may raise or lower heavy weights into mine shafts drilled at or near the equator of the Earth for a similar effect. Planetary speed adjustments may be written to a blockchain.

Descriptions of time altering apparatuses for removing a need for leap seconds are provided. Currently leap seconds are applied to Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) in order to align UTC with mean solar time. In one embodiment a time measurement system is connected to a gigantic heavy flywheel positioned at at least one of a north rotational pole or south rotational pole of the Earth. The time measurement system may determine a shift of UTC away from mean solar time and may subsequently speed up or slow down the flywheel to adjust a rotational speed of the Earth in order to move UTC back to mean solar time. In a second embodiment a similar time measurement system may raise or lower heavy weights into mine shafts drilled at or near the equator of the Earth for a similar effect. Planetary speed adjustments may be written to a blockchain.

Disclosed examples provide gas cells and a method of fabricating a gas cell, including forming a cavity in a first substrate, forming a first conductive material on a sidewall of the cavity, forming a glass layer on the first conductive material, forming a second conductive material on a bottom side of a second substrate, etching the second conductive material to form apertures through the second conductive material, forming conductive coupling structures on a top side of the second substrate, and bonding a portion of the bottom side of the second substrate to a portion of the first side of the first substrate to seal the cavity.

A first measurement point is received from a first monitoring agent. The first measurement point includes a first timestamp and a first transaction attribute. The first timestamp is stored. A second measurement point is received from a second monitoring agent. The second measurement point includes a second timestamp and a second transaction attribute. The second timestamp is stored.

Disclosed is a random light collector device including a reflecting cavity configured to enclose a random light source that randomly transmits photons. The reflecting cavity has an inner wall adapted to reflect at least a portion of the photons to an output port and guiding means for directing the photons to a photodetector. The guiding means is a hollow tube having an inner wall adapted to reflect the photons, wherein a first end of the hollow tube is connected to or positioned adjacent to the output port of the reflecting cavity and wherein the photodetector is provided within the hollow tube or at a second end such that a sensitive area of the photodetector covers the cross-section of the second end.