A thermoelectric vehicle system which provides a cost-effective and sustainable means of transportation for long operation range with zero emission using an onboard low energy nuclear reaction thermal generator. The present invention generally includes a thermal generator within a thermal enclosure case, an energy conversion system linked with the thermal generator, an energy storage system linked with the energy conversion system, a cooling system and a central control system. The thermal generator reacts nickel powder with hydrogen within a reactor chamber to produce heat. The heat is then transferred to the energy conversion system to be converted into electricity for storage in the energy storage system. The cooling system provides cooling for the various components of the present invention and the control system regulates its overall operation. The present invention may be utilized to power a vehicle in an efficient, sustainable and cost-effective manner.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein relating to fusion reactors for fusing particles via multiple periodic collisions. A fusion reactor may include a first evacuated region, such as a chamber, with a plurality of charged particles therein. A uniform magnetic field may be applied to the region to radially confine moving charged particles within the region by inducing circular trajectories. Upper and lower electrodes may be positioned on ends of the region to axially confine charged particles within the region. An energizing beam may be pulsed at a cyclotron frequency corresponding to the mass and charge of the particles to cause oscillating periodic collisions of the particles along the beam path as the particles travel in the circular trajectories with increased velocity after each pulse of the energizing beam.

Provided is a boiler including a heat generation body, a container including the heat generation body, and a water pipe to be heated by heat generated by the heat generation body under environment where the inside of the container is filled with gas with higher specific heat than that of air.

A method of making a mercury based compound, a mercury based compound, and methods of using the mercury based compound and uses of the mercury based compound are disclosed. The mercury-based compound is in powder form and has the general chemical formula: M1.sub.aX.sub.b, where M1 is Hg, MxcMyd or a combination thereof, with Mx being Hg and My being an arbitrary element; wherein X is chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, sulphate nitrate or a combination thereof, wherein a, b, c and d are numbers between 0.1 and 10, wherein particles of the powder have a minimum average dimension of width of at least 50 nm and a maximum average dimension of width of at most 20 ?m, and wherein the mercury-based compound is paramagnetic and is present in an excited state.

A method of making a mercury based compound, a mercury based compound, and methods of using the mercury based compound and uses of the mercury based compound are disclosed. The mercury-based compound is in powder form and has the general chemical formula: M1.sub.aX.sub.b, where M1 is Hg, MxcMyd or a combination thereof, with Mx being Hg and My being an arbitrary element; wherein X is chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, sulphate nitrate or a combination thereof, wherein a, b, c and d are numbers between 0.1 and 10, wherein particles of the powder have a minimum average dimension of width of at least 50 nm and a maximum average dimension of width of at most 20 ?m, and wherein the mercury-based compound is paramagnetic and is present in an excited state.

An improved, gaseous electrolysis apparatus can include a cooled header for electric connections or couplings, an exemplary co-disposed, coaxial heat exchanger around the reaction chamber to extract heat from the reaction chamber and exemplary rugged gas source and collection manifold(s) to support fixed and/or mobile applications in an embodiment. The system can include a heated anode and co-disposed cylindrical cathode within the reaction chamber and an improved electronic control circuit in an embodiment.

Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for creating, controlling, conducting, and optimizing fusion activities of nuclei. In particular, the present inventions relate to, among other things, fusion activities that are conducted individually or collectively on a very small scale, preferably on the nano-scale or smaller such as pico to femto scales, for the utilization of energy produced from these activities in smaller devices and for aggregation into larger devices.

Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for creating, controlling, conducting, and optimizing fusion activities of nuclei. In particular, the present inventions relate to, among other things, fusion activities that are conducted individually or collectively on a very small scale, preferably on the nano-scale or smaller such as pico to femto scales, for the utilization of energy produced from these activities in smaller devices and for aggregation into larger devices.

Systems and methods utilizing successive, axially symmetric acceleration and adiabatic compression stages to heat and accelerate two compact tori towards each other and ultimately collide and compress the compact tori within a central chamber. Alternatively, systems and methods utilizing successive, axially asymmetric acceleration and adiabatic compression stages to heat and accelerate a first compact toroid towards and position within a central chamber and to heat and accelerate a second compact toroid towards the central chamber and ultimately collide and merge the first and second compact toroids and compress the compact merge tori within the central chamber.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for enhancing anomalous heat generation. An enriched transition metal such as palladium, nickel, zirconium, or ruthenium has a different isotopic composition than the naturally occurring distribution. One or more isotopes of a transition metal are enriched and the concentration of these isotopes is higher than the natural abundance. The enriched transition metal may form metal oxide. It is disclosed herein that plating a reaction chamber with an enriched transition metal or metal oxide having a specific composition improves heat generation in an exothermic reaction.