A system is disclosed for the examination and inspection of integrated devices such as integrated circuits using 3-D laminography. X-rays are transmitted through the integrated device, and are incident on a photoemissive structure that absorbs x-rays and emits electrons. The electrons emitted by the photoemissive structure are shaped by an electron optical system to form a magnified image of the emitted electrons on a detector. This magnified image is then recorded and processed. In some embodiments, the incidence angle of the x-rays is varied to gather multiple images that allow internal three-dimensional structures of the integrated device to be determined using computed laminography. In some embodiments, the recorded images are compared with reference data to enable inspection for manufacturing quality control.

A system is disclosed for the examination and inspection of integrated devices such as integrated circuits using 3-D laminography. X-rays are transmitted through the integrated device, and are incident on a photoemissive structure that absorbs x-rays and emits electrons. The electrons emitted by the photoemissive structure are shaped by an electron optical system to form a magnified image of the emitted electrons on a detector. This magnified image is then recorded and processed. In some embodiments, the incidence angle of the x-rays is varied to gather multiple images that allow internal three-dimensional structures of the integrated device to be determined using computed laminography. In some embodiments, the recorded images are compared with reference data to enable inspection for manufacturing quality control.

The present disclosure discloses a vortex-pair beam based optical tweezer system, including a laser device (1), a collimating beam expanding system, a spatial light modulator (6), a confocal beam shrinking system, a sample table (12), and an observation unit arranged according to a light path. The spatial light modulator (6) continuously loads different vortex-pair beam phase diagrams in real time, and manipulates and rotates a particle in real time by using a single vortex-pair beam. The optical tweezer system can realize precise regulation, control, and positioning of two spherical particles at any positions in a plane, and any controllable rotation operation of a rod-shaped particle in the plane, which makes application objects of the optical tweezer system richer, and effectively solves the problem that the rod-shaped particle is difficult to be controlled by the existing optical tweezer system.

Systems and methods relate to arranging atoms into 1D and/or 2D arrays; exciting the atoms into Rydberg states and evolving the array of atoms, for example, using laser manipulation techniques and high-fidelity laser systems described herein; and observing the resulting final state. In addition, refinements can be made, such as providing high fidelity and coherent control of the assembled array of atoms. Exemplary problems can be solved using the systems and methods for arrangement and control of atoms.

Disclosed is a moderator for moderating neutrons, including a substrate and a surface treatment layer or a dry inert gas layer or a vacuum layer coated on the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate is prepared from a moderating material by a powder sintering device through a powder sintering process from powders or by compacting powders into a block, and the moderating material includes 40% to 100% by weight of aluminum fluoride; wherein the surface treatment layer is a hydrophobic material; and the surface treatment layer or the dry inert gas layer or the vacuum layer is used for isolating the substrate from the water in the environment in which the substrate is placed. The surface treated moderator can avoid the hygroscopic or deliquescence of the moderating material during use, improve the quality of the neutron source and prolong the service life.

Disclosed is a moderator for moderating neutrons, including a substrate and a surface treatment layer or a dry inert gas layer or a vacuum layer coated on the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate is prepared from a moderating material by a powder sintering device through a powder sintering process from powders or by compacting powders into a block, and the moderating material includes 40% to 100% by weight of aluminum fluoride; wherein the surface treatment layer is a hydrophobic material; and the surface treatment layer or the dry inert gas layer or the vacuum layer is used for isolating the substrate from the water in the environment in which the substrate is placed. The surface treated moderator can avoid the hygroscopic or deliquescence of the moderating material during use, improve the quality of the neutron source and prolong the service life.

An ionic optical cavity coupling system and method are described. The system includes a first optical cavity, a second optical cavity, and an ion trap system including a direct current electrode pair, a grounding electrode pair, and a radio frequency electrode pair. At least one ion is arranged in the ion trap system. Furthermore, the first optical cavity is used for obtaining a quantum optical signal and sending the quantum optical signal to the ion trap system, so that quantum information of the quantum optical signal is transferred to a single ion in the ion trap system. The second optical cavity is used for obtaining quantum information in the single ion in the ion trap system.

A method of performing a computation using a quantum computer includes generating a plurality of laser pulses used to be individually applied to each of a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the trapped ions having two frequency-separated states defining a qubit, and applying the generated plurality of laser pulses to the plurality of trapped ions to perform simultaneous pair-wise entangling gate operations on the plurality of trapped ions. Generating the plurality of laser pulses includes adjusting an amplitude value and a detuning frequency value of each of the plurality of laser pulses based on values of pair-wise entanglement interaction in the plurality of trapped ions that is to be caused by the plurality of laser pulses.

There is provided a radiation transmissive window having high radiation transmissivity. The radiation transmissive window includes: an outer frame having an opening; a radiation transmissive film closing off the opening; and a grid member that partitions the opening into a plurality of small opening portions. The grid member has a first portion, a second portion at a smaller distance to the center of the opening than the first portion, and a third portion at a smaller distance to the center of the opening than the second portion. The first portion is greater in width than the second portion. The second portion is greater in width than the third portion.

There is provided a radiation transmissive window having high radiation transmissivity. The radiation transmissive window includes: an outer frame having an opening; a radiation transmissive film closing off the opening; and a grid member that partitions the opening into a plurality of small opening portions. The grid member has a first portion, a second portion at a smaller distance to the center of the opening than the first portion, and a third portion at a smaller distance to the center of the opening than the second portion. The first portion is greater in width than the second portion. The second portion is greater in width than the third portion.