An atom chip for an ultracold-atom sensor, the chip includes an XY-plane normal to a Z-axis, the atom chip comprising: first and second coplanar waveguides suitable for propagating microwaves at respective angular frequencies ω.sub.a and ω.sub.b, the waveguides being placed symmetrically on either side of the X-axis and being referred to as X-wise guides, first and second coplanar waveguides suitable for propagating microwaves at respective angular frequencies ω′.sub.a and ω′.sub.b, the waveguides being placed symmetrically on either side of an axis the projection of which in the XY-plane is along an axis Y′ that is different from the X-axis and that is contained in the XY-plane, and being referred to as Y′-wise guides, the X-wise guides being electrically insulated from the Y′-wise guides, an intersection of the guides forming a parallelogram of center O defining an origin of the reference frame XYZ, at least a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire the respective projections of which in the XY-plane are secant at O and make between them an angle larger than or equal to 20°, the conductive wires being suitable for being passed through by DC currents.

In an undulator magnet array, an upper magnet array is formed by coupling an upper shift magnet array and an upper reference magnet array, and a lower magnet array is formed by coupling a lower reference magnet array and lower shift magnet array arranged so as to face the magnet arrays. With reference to a state where the amplitudes of periodic magnetic fields that can be formed by the upper magnet array and the lower magnet array are maximized, the upper shift magnet array is shifted ¼ of a period to the left as seen from the lower reference magnet array and the lower shift magnet array is shifted ¼ of a period to the left as seen from the upper reference magnet array.

The present invention is a method for simultaneously measuring magnetic/magnetic gradient and gravitational fields using atom interferometers includes the steps of releasing laser cooled atoms from a trap, further cooling the released atoms, launching the atoms vertically, preparing the atoms into well-known atomic states, measuring gravity from the atoms as the atoms travel upward, and measuring the magnetic field of the atoms the begin to fall.

Disclosed are transparent energy relay waveguide systems for the superimposition of holographic opacity modulation states for holographic, light field, virtual, augmented and mixed reality applications. The light field system may comprise one or more energy waveguide relay systems with one or more energy modulation elements, each energy modulation element configured to modulate energy passing therethrough, whereby the energy passing therethrough may be directed according to 4D plenoptic functions or inverses thereof.

A cell (110) for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud is proposed. The cell (110) comprises a control unit (114) for controlling electric fields at the location (112) of the atom cloud. The control unit (114) comprises: at least one housing (116) having at least one interior (120) for receiving the atom cloud and having at least one opening (122) for introducing the atoms of the atom cloud into the interior (120); and at least two electrodes (118), wherein the electrodes (118), independently of one another, are able to be subjected to electrical potentials and are configured to influence at least one electric field in the interior (120), wherein the electrodes (118) are mechanically connected to the housing (116).

At least one of the electrodes (118) is at least partly formed by at least one optical window (130) through which at least one light beam (132) for interaction with the atom cloud is able to be radiated into the interior (120). The optical window (130) comprises at least one transparent substrate (134) and at least one transparent electrically conductive coating (136) of the substrate (134). Furthermore, a system (182) for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud, a quantum computer (204) and a method for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud are proposed.

A cell (110) for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud is proposed. The cell (110) comprises a control unit (114) for controlling electric fields at the location (112) of the atom cloud. The control unit (114) comprises: at least one housing (116) having at least one interior (120) for receiving the atom cloud and having at least one opening (122) for introducing the atoms of the atom cloud into the interior (120); and at least two electrodes (118), wherein the electrodes (118), independently of one another, are able to be subjected to electrical potentials and are configured to influence at least one electric field in the interior (120), wherein the electrodes (118) are mechanically connected to the housing (116).

At least one of the electrodes (118) is at least partly formed by at least one optical window (130) through which at least one light beam (132) for interaction with the atom cloud is able to be radiated into the interior (120). The optical window (130) comprises at least one transparent substrate (134) and at least one transparent electrically conductive coating (136) of the substrate (134). Furthermore, a system (182) for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud, a quantum computer (204) and a method for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud are proposed.

A device configured for radiating a focused electromagnetic beam is proposed. Such device comprises: —a first (101) and a second (102) part having respectively a second n.sub.2 and third n.sub.3 refractive index and a first W.sub.1 and second W.sub.2; —a first contact area (100e1) intended to be between a host medium having a first refractive index n1 and in which the micro or nanoparticles are intended to be trapped or moved by a focused electromagnetic beam radiated by the device; —a second contact area (100e2) between the first part and the second part; and —a third contact area (100e3) intended to be between the second part and the host medium. The focused electromagnetic beam results from a combination of at least two beams among a first (NJ1), a second (NJ2) and a third (NJ3) jet beams radiated respectively by the first, second and third contact areas when an incoming electromagnetic wave (IEM) illuminates the device. The device is configured for having a direction of propagation of the focused electromagnetic beam tilted in respect of a direction of propagation of the incoming electromagnetic wave.

A MgF.sub.2—CaF.sub.2 binary system sintered body for a radiation moderator having a compact polycrystalline structure excellent in radiation moderation performance, especially neutron moderation performance, comprises MgF.sub.2 containing CaF.sub.2 from 0.2% by weight to 90% by weight inclusive, having a bulk density of 2.96 g/cm.sup.3 or more, and a bending strength of 15 MPa or more and a Vickers hardness of 90 or more as regards mechanical strengths.

A MgF.sub.2—CaF.sub.2 binary system sintered body for a radiation moderator having a compact polycrystalline structure excellent in radiation moderation performance, especially neutron moderation performance, comprises MgF.sub.2 containing CaF.sub.2 from 0.2% by weight to 90% by weight inclusive, having a bulk density of 2.96 g/cm.sup.3 or more, and a bending strength of 15 MPa or more and a Vickers hardness of 90 or more as regards mechanical strengths.

Atom-scale particles, e.g., neutral and charged atoms and molecules, are pre-cooled, e.g., using magneto-optical traps (MOTs), to below 100 μK to yield cold particles. The cold particles are transported to a sensor cell which cools the cold particles to below 1 μK using an optical trap; these particles are stored in a reservoir within an optical trap within the sensor cell so that they are readily available to replenish a sensor population of particles in quantum superposition. A baffle is disposed between the MOTs and the sensor cell to prevent near-resonant light leaking from the MOTs from entering the sensor cell (and exciting the ultra-cold particles in the reservoir). The transporting from the MOTs to the sensor cell is effected by moving optical fringes of optical lattices and guiding the cold particles attached to the fringes along a meandering path through the baffle and into the sensor cell.