IR emission devices comprising an array of polaritonic IR emitters arranged on a substrate, where the emitters are coupled to a heater configured to provide heat to one or more of the emitters. When the emitters are heated, they produce an infrared emission that can be polarized and whose spectral emission range, emission wavelength, and/or emission linewidth can be tuned by the polaritonic material used to form the elements of the array and/or by the size and/or shape of the emitters. The IR emission can be modulated by the induction of a strain into a ferroelectric, a change in the crystalline phase of a phase change material and/or by quickly applying and dissipating heat applied to the polaritonic nanostructure. The IR emission can be designed to be hidden in the thermal background so that it can be observed only under the appropriate filtering and/or demodulation conditions.

The present invention relates to the use of nanosystems as non deactivable security markers comprising metal atomic quantum clusters (AQCs) of at least two different size distributions encapsulated in a cavity with an inner diameter less than or equal to approximately 10 nm. These nanosystems are luminescence, particularly fluorescence after external excitation. The invention also relates to security documents, articles or elements incorporating these markers as well as to a method and a system for detecting the same.

The present invention relates to the use of nanosystems as non deactivable security markers comprising metal atomic quantum clusters (AQCs) of at least two different size distributions encapsulated in a cavity with an inner diameter less than or equal to approximately 10 nm. These nanosystems are luminescence, particularly fluorescence after external excitation. The invention also relates to security documents, articles or elements incorporating these markers as well as to a method and a system for detecting the same.

A thermal interface material under a high vacuum condition includes a graphite sheet having a thickness of from 9.6 μm to 50 nm and a thermal conductivity in an a-b surface direction at 25° C. of not less than 1000 W/mK.

A lattice energy converter (LEC) is disclosed that produces ionizing radiation and/or electricity based on the thermal energy in the lattice of a specially prepared working electrode comprised in whole or in part of hydrogen host materials that are occluded with hydrogen or the isotopes of hydrogen and wherein the hydrogen host materials may include vacancies, superabundant vacancies, and other lattice defects. When the hydrogen host material is occluded with hydrogen, the LEC was found to self-initiate the production of ionizing radiation and, when the hydrogen host materials are in fluidic contact with a gas or vapor containing hydrogen or isotopes of hydrogen, the LEC was found to self-sustain the production of ionizing radiation. When the LEC includes one or more additional electrodes or electrode structures, the ionizing radiation was found to be converted to electrical energy. Materials that are normally considered to be radioactive are not required.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe techniques for using a parabolic Cassegrain-type reflector for ablation. For example, a system for ablation loading of a trap is described that includes a reflector having a hole aligned with a loading aperture of the trap, and an atomic source positioned at a focal point of the reflector, where one or more laser beams are reflected from a reflective front side of the reflector and focused on a surface of the atomic source to produce an atomic plume, and the atomic plume once produced passing through the hole in the reflector and through a loading aperture of the trap for loading the trap. A method for ablation loading of a trap within a chamber in a trapped ion system is also described.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe techniques for using a parabolic Cassegrain-type reflector for ablation. For example, a system for ablation loading of a trap is described that includes a reflector having a hole aligned with a loading aperture of the trap, and an atomic source positioned at a focal point of the reflector, where one or more laser beams are reflected from a reflective front side of the reflector and focused on a surface of the atomic source to produce an atomic plume, and the atomic plume once produced passing through the hole in the reflector and through a loading aperture of the trap for loading the trap. A method for ablation loading of a trap within a chamber in a trapped ion system is also described.

A radioisotope production apparatus comprising an electron source arranged to provide an electron beam. The electron source comprises an electron injector and an electron accelerator. The radioisotope production apparatus further comprises a target support structure configured to hold a target and a beam splitter arranged to direct the a first portion of the electron beam along a first path towards a first side of the target and to direct a second portion of the electron beam along a second path towards a second side of the target.

A linear accelerator target apparatus includes a target material to produce radiation upon being struck by electrons accelerated by a linear accelerator and a target holder assembly to which the target material is attached. The target holder assembly includes a cooling channel disposed around a perimeter of the target material. The target holder assembly is configured to be detachably coupled to a housing of the linear accelerator. The target apparatus further includes a protective window coupled to the target holder assembly over the target material.

A linear accelerator target apparatus includes a target material to produce radiation upon being struck by electrons accelerated by a linear accelerator and a target holder assembly to which the target material is attached. The target holder assembly includes a cooling channel disposed around a perimeter of the target material. The target holder assembly is configured to be detachably coupled to a housing of the linear accelerator. The target apparatus further includes a protective window coupled to the target holder assembly over the target material.