Disclosed are a dye-sensitized solar cell including a polymer/graphene composite gel electrolyte and methods of preparing the dye-sensitized solar cell

An energy storage system includes, in an exemplary embodiment, a first current collector having a first surface and a second surface, a first electrode including a plurality of carbon nanotubes on the second surface of the first current collector. The plurality of carbon nanotubes include a polydisulfide applied onto a surface of the plurality of nanotubes. The energy storage system also includes an ionically conductive separator having a first surface and a second surface, with first surface of the ionically conductive separator positioned on the first electrode, a second current collector having a first surface and a second surface, and a second electrode including a plurality of carbon nanotubes positioned between the first surface of the second current collector and the second surface of the ionically conductive separator.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a first layer that includes a perovskite defined by ABX.sub.3 and a second layer that includes a perovskite-like material defined by at least one of A′.sub.2B′X′.sub.4, A′.sub.3B′.sub.2X′.sub.9, A′B′X′.sub.4, A′.sub.2B′X′.sub.6, and/or A′.sub.2AB′.sub.2X′.sub.7, where the first layer is adjacent to the second layer, A is a first cation, B is a second cation, X is a first anion, A′ is a third cation, B′ is a fourth cation, X′ is a second anion, and A′ is different than A.

A first conductive polymer solution in which fine particles of a conductive polymer are dispersed is applied to a dielectric layer of aluminum oxide, and this solution is dried to form a first conductive polymer layer. Next, a coating solution is applied to the first conductive polymer layer, this solution containing at least one selected from an aromatic sulfonic acid having, in one molecule of the acid, a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group, or two carboxyl groups, and a salt of the aromatic sulfonic acid. The solution is then dried to form a coating layer. Next, a second conductive polymer solution is applied to the coating layer, the solution being a solution in which fine particles of a conductive polymer are dispersed. This solution is then dried to form a second conductive polymer layer. This process gives a solid electrolyte layer of a capacitor element.

An electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) energy storage device is provided that includes at least two electrodes and a redox-enhanced electrolyte including two redox couples such that there is a different one of the redox couples for each of the electrodes. When charged, the charge is stored in Faradaic reactions with the at least two redox couples in the electrolyte and in a double-layer capacitance of a porous carbon material that comprises at least one of the electrodes, and a self-discharge of the energy storage device is mitigated by at least one of electrostatic attraction, adsorption, physisorption, and chemisorption of a redox couple onto the porous carbon material.

In an embodiment an electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element being housed by a can. A covering element is configured to close an opening of the can. A connection element comprises an external terminal for applying an electrical signal and a lead tab being electrically coupled to the capacitor element and to the external terminal. The connection element comprises an upper washer and a lower washer respectively having an opening to receive a rivet to fix the external terminal and the lead tab to the covering element. The upper washer is configured to either comprise a cavity to receive a head of the rivet or a protrusion or a tapered lateral surface.

An electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element. The capacitor element includes an anode body, a dielectric layer that covers at least a part of the anode body, a solid electrolyte layer that covers at least a part of the dielectric layer, and a cathode lead-out layer that covers at least a part of the solid electrolyte layer. The cathode lead-out layer includes a carbon layer and a silver-paste layer. The carbon layer is conductive and covers at least a part of the solid electrolyte layer. And the silver-paste layer covers at least a part of the carbon layer. The carbon layer contains carbon particles and silver.

An improved capacitor is provided. The capacitor comprises an anode and a functional dielectric on said anode and a conductive layer on the functional dielectric. An anode wire extends from said anode wherein the anode wire has a thickened dielectric layer thereon.

A production method efficiently produces a box sealed type solid electrolytic capacitor in which a capacitor element is accommodated in a box-shaped case. The method includes a step of preparing a bottom wall substrate having bottom walls. A step forms cathode anode circuit patterns on the bottom wall substrate. A step prepares a peripheral side wall substrate having peripheral side walls. A step prepares a peripheral side wall substrate in which a plurality of through-holes are provided that correspond to plurality of bottom wall structural portions. A step fixes a capacitor element to each bottom wall structural portion of the bottom wall substrate. A step obtains a capacitor continuous member in which a plurality of capacitor structural portions structuring a solid electrolytic capacitor by attaching an upper lid substrate on the peripheral side wall substrate. A step obtains a plurality of solid electrolytic capacitors by cutting the capacitor continuous member.

A capacitor and methods of processing an anode metal foil are presented. The capacitor includes a housing, one or more anodes disposed within the housing, one or more cathodes disposed within the housing, one or more separators disposed between an adjacent anode and cathode, and an electrolyte disposed around the one or more anodes, one or more cathodes, and one or more separators within the housing. The one or more anodes each include a metal foil that includes a first plurality of tunnels through a thickness of the metal foil in a first ordered arrangement, the first ordered arrangement being a close packed hexagonal array arrangement, and having a first diameter, and a second plurality of tunnels through the thickness of the metal foil having a second ordered arrangement and a second diameter greater than the first diameter.