An emergency lighting system (ELS) for an aircraft has a capacitor, at least one of an onboard power system and a ground power unit configured to charge the capacitor, and a light emitting diode (LED) selectively powered by the capacitor.

An emergency lighting system (ELS) for an aircraft has a capacitor, at least one of an onboard power system and a ground power unit configured to charge the capacitor, and a light emitting diode (LED) selectively powered by the capacitor.

A method for heating an energy storage device having a core with an electrolyte, the method including: providing the energy storage device having inputs and characteristics of a capacitance across the electrolyte and the core and internal surface capacitance between the inputs which can store electric field energy between internal electrodes of the energy storage device that are coupled to the inputs; switching between a positive input voltage and a negative input voltage provided to one of the inputs at a frequency sufficient to effectively short the internal surface capacitance of the energy storage device to generate heat and raise a temperature of the electrolyte; and discontinuing the switching when the temperature of the electrolyte is above a predetermined temperature that is considered sufficient to increase a charging efficiency of the energy storage device.

A method for heating an energy storage device having a core with an electrolyte, the method including: providing the energy storage device having inputs and characteristics of a capacitance across the electrolyte and the core and internal surface capacitance between the inputs which can store electric field energy between internal electrodes of the energy storage device that are coupled to the inputs; switching between an input voltage and a grounding input provided to one of the inputs at a frequency sufficient to effectively short the internal surface capacitance of the energy storage device to generate heat and raise a temperature of the electrolyte; and discontinuing the switching when the temperature of the electrolyte is above a predetermined temperature that is considered sufficient to increase a charging efficiency of the energy storage device.

A heating circuit for an energy storage device having a core with an electrolyte, the energy storage device having inputs, characteristics of a capacitance across the electrolyte and the core, and internal surface capacitance between the inputs which can store electric field energy between internal electrodes of the energy storage device that are coupled to the inputs, the battery heating circuit including: a controller configured to switch between a positive input voltage and a negative input voltage provided to one of the inputs at a frequency sufficient to effectively short the internal surface capacitance of the energy storage device to generate heat and raise a temperature of the electrolyte, the controller being further configured to discontinue the switching when the temperature of the electrolyte and/or the energy storage device is above a predetermined temperature that is considered sufficient to increase a charging efficiency of the energy storage device.

Lithium-utilizing electrochemical cells, providing hybrid battery and capacitor activity, are formed of one or more lithium battery anodes, optionally also including a capacitor electrode, and one or more lithium battery cathodes, optionally with a capacitor electrode, provided that there is at least one capacitor electrode in the hybrid cell and that there are an equal number of electrodes of opposing charge. The respective electrodes are formed of porous layers of one of lithium anode material particles, lithium cathode material particles, or compatible capacitor material particles, formed on one or both sides of a compatible current collector foil. The amounts of active battery and capacitor particles are managed by the thickness of the porous coating layers, and one-side or two-side electrode coatings, to balance the capacities of the battery and capacitor particles to accept and release lithium ions during repeated charging and discharging of the hybrid cell.

Lithium-utilizing electrochemical cells, providing hybrid battery and capacitor activity, are formed of one or more lithium battery anodes, optionally also including a capacitor electrode, and one or more lithium battery cathodes, optionally with a capacitor electrode, provided that there is at least one capacitor electrode in the hybrid cell and that there are an equal number of electrodes of opposing charge. The respective electrodes are formed of porous layers of one of lithium anode material particles, lithium cathode material particles, or compatible capacitor material particles, formed on one or both sides of a compatible current collector foil. The amounts of active battery and capacitor particles are managed by the thickness of the porous coating layers, and one-side or two-side electrode coatings, to balance the capacities of the battery and capacitor particles to accept and release lithium ions during repeated charging and discharging of the hybrid cell.

A method for the fabrication of h-WO.sub.3/WS.sub.2 core/shell nanowires and their use in flexible supercapacitor applications. The novel nanowire assemblies exhibit multifold advantages desired for high-performance supercapacitors, including superior material properties and electrode design. The material design principle can be extended to other material systems, implying its great potential for a variety of energy storage devices compatible with emerging flexible and wearable technologies.

A hybrid energy storage device is provided. The energy storage device represents a combined capacitor and battery in modular form. The capacitor and the battery may be individually selected based on application needs, and then mechanically combined into a single electrical energy storage device. A method of forming a charge storage device is also provided herein. The method includes selecting a size for a capacitor, and selecting a size for a battery. A module for the capacitor having the selected size and a separate module for the battery having the selected size are then mechanically and electrically connected to form an integral energy storage device.

A stacked type capacitor without carbon paste layer includes a metal foil, an oxide layer, a polymer composite layer and a silver paste layer. The oxide layer is formed on the outer surface of the metal foil to entirely enclose the metal foil. The polymer composite layer is formed on the oxide layer to partially enclose the oxide layer. The silver paste layer is directly formed on the polymer composite layer to directly enclose the polymer composite layer. The oxide layer and the polymer composite layer are connected with each other to form a first connection interface between the oxide layer and the polymer composite layer. The polymer composite layer and the silver paste layer are connected with each other without a carbon paste layer to form a second connection interface between the polymer composite layer and the silver paste layer.