The invention relates to a safety switching device (10) comprising a control side (40) with at least one single-error tolerance, having a first and second control unit (12, 14), each formed on an actuation side (50) for emitting a switch command (20) to at least two switching elements (52, 54, 56), and comprising a monitoring unit (30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3) having a first and a second connection element (31, 36), and which monitoring unit (30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3) is designed to emit the switch command (20) to at least one switching element (52, 54, 56) of a load circuit (23), characterised in that the at least two switching elements (52, 54, 56) are each designed as standard components that are free from a forced guidance of the contacts (62) thereof, and the first connection element (31) is directly connected to the second control unit (14) via a first feedback channel (42) and the second connection element (36) is directly connected to the first control unit (12) via a second feedback channel (44).

An electrical relay (2) includes an electromagnetic drive system for providing bi-directional drive. The electrical relay (2) includes a first a coil (212) and a second coil (213). A current is supplied to the coils (212) and (213) in opposite directions. The two coils (212) and (213) can be used to accelerate the armature in either direction in relation to the two contacts. This can be used to drive the armature to either one of the contacts and to accelerate and decelerate the armature during a single transit. In the latter regard, the armature can be accelerated and decelerated to shorten the transit time, reduce bounce, reduce wear on the contacts, and allow for different contact material options.

A system provides a “virtual room” for remotely sharing content experiences via electronic devices at different locations. The system may enable synchronization of the content at the different locations, access control, be able to provide and/or experience interaction feedback regarding the content, control the interaction feedback that is provided and/or experienced, enhance the ability of people to distinguish the content from the interaction feedback, and so on. As such, people may be able to share content experiences more like they were present in a single location while remote from each other.

In one example, a hybrid circuit interrupter may include a three-coil architecture, first coil circuitry, leakage detection circuitry, and a main processing circuit including a processor. The three-coil architecture may include a coil housing, three coils, and a plurality of coil assembly conductors. The coils may be disposed within the coil housing. The coil assembly conductors may be at least partially disposed within the coil housing. The first coil circuitry may be connected to the first coil and may generate first coil signals. The leakage detection circuitry may be connected to the other two coils and may generate a leakage signal. The processor may receive the first coil signals, receive the leakage signal, determine whether an arc fault exists based on the first coil signals, determine whether a ground fault exists based on the leakage signal, and generate a first trigger signal if a fault is determined to exist.

Provided is an electromagnetic switch control device capable of stabilizing a contact pressure by predicting a near-future value of an operation coil current and performing control such that the near-future value does not fall below a holding current threshold value by a control unit. An electromagnetic switch control device 1 opens and closes 13 by an electromagnetic force corresponding to energization of operation coils 16 and 17, and includes PWM control units 21 to 23 that perform PWM pulse width modulation control of a current value A flowing through the operation coils 16 and 17. The PWM control units to 23 estimate the near-future predicted current value flowing through the operation coils 16 and 17 by using a terminal voltage V of the operation coils 16 and 17, and perform PWM control based on the estimated current value. The predicted current value Y is estimated by using an impedance Z of the operation coils 16 and 17. The impedance is a variable obtained by current values A1 and A2 and terminal voltages V1 and V2 of the operation coils 16 and 17, and a constant approximated over a predetermined period from a latest past to a present time is used. The impedance is updated for each predetermined period.

A system may include a switching device. The switching device may include an armature that may move between a first position that electrically couples the armature to a first contact and a second position that electrically couples the armature to a second contact. The switching device may also include a coil that may receive a voltage that magnetizes a core, thereby causing the armature to move from the first position to the second position. The system may also include a control system that may monitor a voltage waveform associated with the coil during an open operation of the switching device.

A wireless control switch is provided, which includes: a controller having a wireless communication function, at least one switch module arranged between two connection terminals, and an independent power supply for supplying power to the controller. Each switch module includes a relay and a two-way mechanical switch, a control terminal of the relay is connected to a control pin of the controller. The two-way mechanical switch includes a first group of changeover switches and a second group of changeover switches, an open or closed state of the first group of changeover switches being synchronized with that of the second group of changeover switches. The controller is configured to output a relay holding signal to the relay according to the open or closed state of the first group of changeover switches and a received wireless control signal, to control connection/disconnection between the two connection terminals.

A power source switch control device includes a detection circuit, a detection circuit, a detection circuit, and a detection circuit. The detection circuit detects forward voltage of a body diode of a FET, and the detection circuit detects forward voltage of a body diode of a FET. The detection circuit detects forward voltage of a body diode of a FET, and the detection circuit detects forward voltage of a body diode of a FET. A controller determines whether a defect of a power circuit has occurred based on results of the detection by the detection circuits to. Accordingly, the power source switch control device can appropriately detect defect of a switching element of a power source.

A thermal hazard protection circuit for a transportation vehicle comprises an interruptible power circuit connected between a power source and load, and a failsafe circuit operative to permanently interrupt current flow under an overcurrent condition. The interruptible power circuit comprises a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) component in series with bi-stable relay configured as a SPST switch. The failsafe circuit comprises a failsafe relay energized by current in the interruptible power circuit. An input of the failsafe relay is connected to the power source, and a normally closed (NC) output (not connected to the input so long as the failsafe relay is energized) is connected to a control input of the bi-stable relay that opens the SPST switch. In an overcurrent condition, the PTC component limits current flow, switching the failsafe relay input to its NC outputs, providing a control signal to open the SPST switch, rendering the interruptible power circuit non-conductive and isolating the load.

A protected switch includes first and second electromechanical relays with guided contacts, each including an electromagnet and electrical contacts. A first contact of the first relay and a first contact of the second relay are connected in series in order to form a switching circuit. The switch further includes an interconnection circuit which connects at least a portion of the other electrical contacts of the first and second relays. The excitation of the first electromagnet is conditional on the state of the second relay and the excitation of the second electromagnet is conditional on the state of the first relay.