An x-ray transmission device includes two surfaces in frictional contact within a low fluid pressure environment provided by a housing substantially opaque to x-rays. Materials of the two surfaces are selected such that the frictional contact generates relative charging between the surfaces. The housing includes a window substantially transparent to x-rays, and an electron target, for example a metal, is on an interior surface of the window. The electron target faces the surface that is relatively negatively charged, such that electrons accelerated from that surface, or accelerated due to the negative charge of that surface strike the electron target to generate x-rays, which may be transmitted through the window.

An X-ray generation device includes a cathode including an electron source generating an electron beam, an anode including a target to transmit an X-ray generated by collision of the electron beam, and a convergence electrode converging the electron beam toward the target. The target has a first region having a locally small thickness and a second region having a larger thickness than the first region. The X-ray generation device further includes a deflection unit to switch an incident position of the electron beam between the first region and the second region. The deflection unit has an adjustment mode to adjust an X-ray focal spot diameter and an X-ray generation mode to generate an X-ray, the electron beam is caused to enter the first region in the adjustment mode, and the electron beam is caused to enter the second region in the X-ray generation mode.

Heat dissipation of a target is enhanced in a transmissive X-ray generating apparatus where an anode member constitutes a part of a container. An anode member configured to hold a target is divided into an outer anode member, which is configured to hold the target and is connected to a container, and an inner anode member, which is joined to an insulating tube and is closer to an electron emitting portion than the outer anode member is. The outer circumferential surface of the inner anode member is joined to the outer anode member via a joining member. Heat generated by the electron emitting portion is dissipated mainly from the inner anode member via the insulating tube, or directly, to an insulating liquid.

An x-ray device utilizes a band of material to exchange charge through tribocharging within a chamber maintained at low fluid pressure. The charge is utilized to generate x-rays within the housing, which may pass through a window of the housing. Various contact rods may be used as part of the tribocharging process.

An apparatus for generating x-rays includes an electron beam generator and a first device arranged to apply an RF electric field to accelerate the electron beam from the generator. A photon source is arranged to provide photons to a zone to interact with the electron beam from the first device so as to generate x-rays via inverse-Compton scattering. A second device is arranged to apply an RF electric field to decelerate the electron beam after it has interacted. The first and second devices are connected by RF energy transmission means arranged to recover RF energy from the decelerated electron beam as it passes through the second device and transfer the recovered RF energy into the first device.

An x-ray transmitter, which may be compact, may be in the form of a housing with an x-ray transparent window sputtered with a metal on one wall, and tribocharging electron source on another wall.

A radiation tube includes an enclosure having an opening portion, an electron source disposed inside the enclosure, a target unit configured to generate radiation by being bombarded with electrons emitted from the electron source, and a front shield disposed on the opening portion and joined to the target unit. The front shield has a slit-shaped opening that shields some of the radiation radiated from the target unit. The radiation is radiated through the opening in the shape of a fan beam.

Presented systems and methods facilitate efficient and effective generation and delivery of radiation. A radiation generation system can comprise: a particle beam gun, a high energy dissipation anode target (HEDAT); and a liquid anode control component. In some embodiments, the particle beam gun generates an electron beam. The HEDAT includes a solid anode portion (HEDAT-SAP) and a liquid anode portion (HEDAT-LAP) that are configured to receive the electron beam, absorb energy from the electron beam, generate a radiation beam, and dissipate heat. The radiation beam can include photons that can have radiation characteristics (e.g., X-ray wavelength, ionizing capability, etc.). The liquid anode control component can control a liquid anode flow to the HEDAT. The HEDAT-SAP and HEDAT-LAP can cooperatively operate in radiation generation and their configuration can be selected based upon contribution of respective HEDAT-SAP and the HEDAT-LAP characteristics to radiation generation.

A tin trap device for collecting tin in a chamber device which causes tin to be turned into plasma with laser light in an internal space thereof may include a housing provided with a gas inlet port through which exhaust gas in the chamber device flows and a gas exhaust port through which the exhaust gas is exhausted; and a main heater arranged in the housing, configured to have a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of tin and lower than the boiling point thereof, and having a projection surface projected toward a direction in which the exhaust gas flows in the gas inlet port cover the gas inlet port.

Disclosed is a radiation logging tool, comprising a tool housing; a compact generator that produces radiation; a power supply coupled to the compact generator; and control circuitry. Embodiments of the compact generator comprise a generator vacuum tube comprising a source generating charged particles, and a target onto which the charged particles are directed; and a high voltage supply comprising a high voltage multiplier ladder located laterally adjacent to the generator vacuum tube. The high voltage supply applies a high voltage between the source and the target to accelerate the charged particles to a predetermined energy level. The compact generator also includes an electrical coupling between an output of the high voltage supply and the target of the generator vacuum tube to accommodate the collocated positions of the generator vacuum tube and the high voltage power supply.