A test device for testing an oxidation potential of an electrolyte is provided. The test device comprises a cavity, a test unit, a detector, a processing unit, and a display. The test unit comprises a positive plate comprising a first through hole, a negative plate comprising a second through hole, a first infrared window covering the first through hole, a second infrared window covering the second through hole, and an electrolyte located between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The first through hole and the second through hole penetrate each other. The first infrared window, the positive plate, the negative plate, and the second infrared window are stacked with each other. An infrared light beam passes through the first infrared window, the first through hole, the electrolyte, the second through hole, and the second infrared window in sequence and then is detected by the detector.

A battery module includes a heat-shrinkable tube serving as a module housing. The battery module includes a cell assembly having a plurality of pouch-type secondary batteries; a bus bar assembly having a bus bar frame and a bus bar mounted to an outer surface of the bus bar frame; and a heat-shrinkable tube formed to be shrunk by heat and configured so that the cell assembly is located therein, the heat-shrinkable tube being provided to surround a side surface of the cell assembly and a portion of the bus bar assembly.

This solid electrolyte is a zirconium phosphate-based solid electrolyte in which a part of phosphorous or zirconium that is contained in the solid electrolyte is substituted with an element with a variable valence.

Certain aspects relate to a battery pack for electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft. Exemplary battery pack includes a first pouch cell, a second pouch cell, at least a sensor, where the at least a sensor is configured to sense battery pack data and transmit the battery pack data to a data storage system, and a vent configured to vent the ejecta from the first pouch cell. In some embodiments, battery pack may be configured to power at least a propulsor component.

An object is to reduce the overall height and outside dimensions of a secondary battery. Another object is to prevent the secondary battery from being damaged by nut tightening torque. A secondary battery includes an electrode body (15), an outer can (11), a sealing plate (12), a pair of electrode terminals (13), and a short-circuit mechanism (20). The pair of electrode terminals (13) includes a first electrode terminal (13A) and a second electrode terminal (13B). The short-circuit mechanism (20) includes a conductive reversible plate (22) secured to the sealing plate (12), and a reversible plate receiver (25) disposed opposite the reversible plate (22). The reversible plate receiver (25) includes a first output terminal (31), and the first output terminal (31) is electrically insulated from the sealing plate (12). The first output terminal is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal, and is spaced from the first electrode terminal.

An object is to reduce the overall height and outside dimensions of a secondary battery. Another object is to prevent the secondary battery from being damaged by nut tightening torque. A secondary battery includes an electrode body (15), an outer can (11), a sealing plate (12), a pair of electrode terminals (13), and a short-circuit mechanism (20). The pair of electrode terminals (13) includes a first electrode terminal (13A) and a second electrode terminal (13B). The short-circuit mechanism (20) includes a conductive reversible plate (22) secured to the sealing plate (12), and a reversible plate receiver (25) disposed opposite the reversible plate (22). The reversible plate receiver (25) includes a first output terminal (31), and the first output terminal (31) is electrically insulated from the sealing plate (12). The first output terminal is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal, and is spaced from the first electrode terminal.

This disclosure relates to an SO.sub.2-based electrolyte for a rechargeable battery cell containing at least one conducting salt of the Formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metals of group 12 of the periodic table of the elements and aluminum; x is an integer from 1 to 3; the substituents R, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.1 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.1 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, and C.sub.5-C.sub.14 heteroaryl; and Z is aluminum or boron.

A connector for connecting cells of a battery unit is disclosed. The connector comprises a carrier having weld openings, a cover covering the weld openings, a contact disposed in the carrier, a film connector disposed along an edge of the carrier, and a film conductor disposed in the carrier and contacting the contact and the film connector.

A method for identifying a foil position in a power storage device includes: analyzing the power storage device by X-ray CT analysis to obtain an X-ray absorbed amount at each position; acquiring an on-path X-ray absorbed amount at each on-path position on a specific imaginary line passing through an electrode sheet; and identifying a foil position of an electrode foil through which the specific imaginary line passes, based on the on-path X-ray absorbed amount. The foil position identifying includes fitting to determine an approximate curve that changes to fit a change in the on-path X-ray absorbed amount in a fitting region and generates a single peak in the fitting region, and estimating a foil position of a single electrode foil from the on-path position corresponding to the single peak of the determined approximate curve.

A cooling system for a capacitor may include a housing for the capacitor, the housing comprising of a bottom surface, a top surface, and at least one side surface connecting the bottom surface and the top surface, the housing further including: a bottom inlet manifold and a bottom outlet manifold extending along the bottom surface; an inlet side channel extending along the side surface, the inlet side channel being in fluid communication with the bottom inlet manifold; an outlet side channel extending along the side surface, the outlet side channel being in fluid communication with the bottom outlet manifold; a top inlet manifold extending along the top surface, the top inlet manifold being in fluid communication with the inlet side channel; and a top outlet manifold extending along the top surface, the top outlet manifold being in fluid communication with the outlet side channel.