A flexible, asymmetric electrochemical cell comprising: (A) A sheet of graphene paper as first electrode comprising nano graphene platelets having a platelet thickness less than 1 nm, wherein the first electrode has electrolyte-accessible pores; (B) A thin-film or paper-like first separator and electrolyte; and (C) A thin-film or paper-like second electrode which is different in composition than the first electrode; wherein the separator is sandwiched between the first and second electrode to form a flexible laminate configuration. The asymmetric supercapacitor cells with different NGP-based electrodes exhibit an exceptionally high capacitance, specific energy, and stable and long cycle life.

A bipolar solid-state battery cell includes a plurality of battery cells, wherein each cell includes a separator, an anode disposed on a first side of the separator and a cathode disposed on a second side of the separator; where the second side is opposedly disposed to the first side. The anode is in electrical communication with an anode current collector and the cathode is in electrical communication with a cathode current collector. A capacitor wall is disposed parallel to at least one external surface of the anode or cathode, where the capacitor wall includes a capacitor active material.

A bipolar solid-state battery cell includes a plurality of battery cells, wherein each cell includes a separator, an anode disposed on a first side of the separator and a cathode disposed on a second side of the separator; where the second side is opposedly disposed to the first side. The anode is in electrical communication with an anode current collector and the cathode is in electrical communication with a cathode current collector. A capacitor wall is disposed parallel to at least one external surface of the anode or cathode, where the capacitor wall includes a capacitor active material.

An asymmetrical supercapacitor including an alkaline electrolyte, at least one separator, at least one positive electrode including a nickel-based hydroxide and a nickel-based current collector, and at least one negative electrode including a nickel-based current collector and having a porous three-dimensional structure. Some pores are open, the mean diameter of the open pores being greater than or equal to 100 m and being less than or equal to 300 m and two contiguous open pores (1, 2) communicate by at least one opening (5) the mean diameter of which is greater than or equal to 35 m and less than or equal to 130 m. The three-dimensional structure includes a mixture including at least one activated carbon, at least one electron-conducting additive, and a binding agent including at least one elastomer polymer and at least one thickening polymer.

This invention relates to a supercapacitor assembly having an asymmetric supercapacitor, a diode, and a switch in parallel with the diode. The asymmetric supercapacitor has at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, and at least one separator impregnated with an electrolyte. The diode has an anode and a cathode, the cathode being electrically connected to the supercapacitor.

A metal/air battery electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an oxygen supply, and a closed oxygen conducting membrane less than about 50 microns thick located between the oxygen supply and the positive electrode.

An electrical energy storage device, which may be for example a sodium ion capacitor (NIC), lithium ion capacitor (LIC), hybrid ion capacitor, a sodium ion battery or lithium ion battery. Active materials in either or both the anode and the cathode may be derived entirely or primarily from a single precursor: legume or nut shells, for example peanut shells, which are a green and highly economical waste globally generated in million tons per year.

Materials having charge-storing properties and made variously of dipyridine-fused benzoquinones of formula (1) below or derivatives thereof, dipyridine-fused benzoquinones of formula (4) below or derivatives thereof, or dipyridine-fused benzoquinone skeleton-containing polymers are provided.

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In the formulas, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are each independently a pyridine ring that forms together with two carbon atoms on a benzoquinone skeleton, or a derivative thereof. When used as electrode active materials, these charge storage materials are capable of providing high-performance batteries possessing a high capacity, high rate characteristics and high cycle characteristics.

An electrochemical energy storage device includes an anode having a first mixture which includes a first plurality of electrically conductive carbon-comprising particles having a first average porosity, and lithium metal materials. The weight ratio of the first plurality of carbon-comprising and lithium metal materials is from 30:1 to 3:1. A cathode includes a second mixture having a second plurality of electrically conductive carbon-comprising particles having a second average porosity greater than the first average porosity, and lithium-intercalating metal oxide particles. The weight ratio of the second plurality of carbon-comprising and lithium-intercalating metal oxide particles is from 1:20 to 5:1. The weight ratio between the lithium metal materials loaded in the anode and the second plurality of carbon-comprising particles in the cathode is from 0.1-10%. An electrolyte physically and ionically contacts the anode and the cathode, and fills the pore volume in the anode, cathode and a porous separator.

An electrochemical energy storage device includes an anode having a first mixture which includes a first plurality of electrically conductive carbon-comprising particles having a first average porosity, and lithium metal materials. The weight ratio of the first plurality of carbon-comprising and lithium metal materials is from 30:1 to 3:1. A cathode includes a second mixture having a second plurality of electrically conductive carbon-comprising particles having a second average porosity greater than the first average porosity, and lithium-intercalating metal oxide particles. The weight ratio of the second plurality of carbon-comprising and lithium-intercalating metal oxide particles is from 1:20 to 5:1. The weight ratio between the lithium metal materials loaded in the anode and the second plurality of carbon-comprising particles in the cathode is from 0.1-10%. An electrolyte physically and ionically contacts the anode and the cathode, and fills the pore volume in the anode, cathode and a porous separator.