Provided herein are devices comprising one or more cells, and methods for fabrication thereof. The devices may be electrochemical devices. The devices may include three-dimensional supercapacitors. The devices may be microdevices such as, for example, microsupercapacitors. In some embodiments, the devices are three-dimensional hybrid microsupercapacitors. The devices may be configured for high voltage applications. In some embodiments, the devices are high voltage microsupercapacitors. In certain embodiments, the devices are high voltage asymmetric microsupercapacitors. In some embodiments, the devices are integrated microsupercapacitors for high voltage applications.

Provided herein are devices comprising one or more cells, and methods for fabrication thereof. The devices may be electrochemical devices. The devices may include three-dimensional supercapacitors. The devices may be microdevices such as, for example, microsupercapacitors. In some embodiments, the devices are three-dimensional hybrid microsupercapacitors. The devices may be configured for high voltage applications. In some embodiments, the devices are high voltage microsupercapacitors. In certain embodiments, the devices are high voltage asymmetric microsupercapacitors. In some embodiments, the devices are integrated microsupercapacitors for high voltage applications.

A system for discharging or charging a capacitor of a hybrid vehicle according to the present disclosure includes a target state of charge (SOC) module and a capacitor charge/discharge module. The target SOC module determines a target state of charge of the capacitor based on a speed of the vehicle. The capacitor charge/discharge module determines whether a state of charge of a capacitor is greater than a target state of charge. The capacitor charge/discharge module dissipates power from the capacitor to at least one of a battery of the vehicle and an electrical load of the vehicle when the state of charge of the capacitor is greater than the target state of charge.

A system for discharging or charging a capacitor of a hybrid vehicle according to the present disclosure includes a target state of charge (SOC) module and a capacitor charge/discharge module. The target SOC module determines a target state of charge of the capacitor based on a speed of the vehicle. The capacitor charge/discharge module determines whether a state of charge of a capacitor is greater than a target state of charge. The capacitor charge/discharge module dissipates power from the capacitor to at least one of a battery of the vehicle and an electrical load of the vehicle when the state of charge of the capacitor is greater than the target state of charge.

A power generation system for a mobile device. The power generation system includes a combustion engine. The combustion engine serves as a power generator for the mobile device, with the combustion engine being located on a trailer. The power generation system also includes a power module. The power module comprises both an ultra-capacitor and a lithium-based battery; Preferably, the ultra-capacitor comprises a series, or bank, of super capacitors. Likewise, the battery comprises a series of lithium batteries. Preferably, the super capacitors are in electrical communication with an alternator of a truck. The power module provides power to start the combustion engine used to drive the mobile device. The mobile device may be a refrigeration system, or may be heaters, blowers, lights or other electrical items that may be carried on the trailer.

A control method for an energy-storage apparatus, an energy-storage apparatus, and a storage medium are provided. The energy-storage apparatus supplies power to electrical devices, establishes a communication connection with a terminal bound to a target user, and includes a high-voltage box including a controller, and multiple energy-storage modules. The method includes: obtaining, by the controller, a current power of the energy-storage apparatus; determining, by the controller, power consumption of the energy-storage apparatus when the energy-storage apparatus normally supplies multiple the electrical devices in a future preset period; generating, by the controller, prompt information or an adjustment scheme of a running strategy for the energy-storage apparatus according to the current power of the energy-storage apparatus, the power consumption, and weather information of a location of the energy-storage apparatus in the future preset period; and controlling, by the controller, the energy-storage apparatus according to the adjustment scheme.

A system for discharging or charging a capacitor of a hybrid vehicle according to the present disclosure includes a target state of charge (SOC) module and a capacitor charge/discharge module. The target SOC module determines a target state of charge of the capacitor based on a speed of the vehicle. The capacitor charge/discharge module determines whether a state of charge of a capacitor is greater than a target state of charge. The capacitor charge/discharge module dissipates power from the capacitor to at least one of a battery of the vehicle and an electrical load of the vehicle when the state of charge of the capacitor is greater than the target state of charge.

A system for discharging or charging a capacitor of a hybrid vehicle according to the present disclosure includes a target state of charge (SOC) module and a capacitor charge/discharge module. The target SOC module determines a target state of charge of the capacitor based on a speed of the vehicle. The capacitor charge/discharge module determines whether a state of charge of a capacitor is greater than a target state of charge. The capacitor charge/discharge module dissipates power from the capacitor to at least one of a battery of the vehicle and an electrical load of the vehicle when the state of charge of the capacitor is greater than the target state of charge.

A battery module includes a first liquid battery and a first solid battery. The first liquid battery is a unit cell. The first solid battery is a unit cell that has a larger volume than a volume of the first liquid battery.

A mixed conductor represented by Formula 1:
A.sub.4+xM.sub.5-yM′.sub.yO.sub.12-δ,  Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1, A is a monovalent cation, M is at least one of a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, or a tetravalent cation, M′ is at least one of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, a tetravalent cation, a pentavalent cation, or a hexavalent cation, M and M′ are different from each other, and 0.3≤x<3, 0.01<y<2, and 0≤δ≤1 are satisfied.