The planar Balun of the present invention can be used in various hundred to and thousand-watt level push-pull power amplifiers, which can greatly reduce the area and the amount of second harmonics of the power amplifier, and improve the flexibility of circuit layout and spectral purity, especially at high frequencies, such as around 915 MHz, and can replace the widely used coaxial Balun to simplify amplifier design.

The present disclosure relates to ultra-high speed digital signal integrity improving structures. Each structure in the present disclosure includes a first unit structure and a second unit structure of the same or different shapes arranged to face each other on the left and right sides along a longitudinal direction of a balanced line, centered around a coplanar stripline (CPS) or parallel stripline (PSL) formed on a substrate. At least one of the first unit structure and the second unit structure includes a first side close to the balanced line and having a linear or curve shape; a second side facing the first side; and left and right sides connecting the first side and the second side. Here, the width of the first side is less than or equal to that of the second side, the left and right sides have a linear or non-linear slope, and the width from the first side to the second side is configured to change continuously or discontinuously. When the structures of the present disclosure are disposed around a balanced line, it has the advantage of being able to recover the distorted phase autonomously while rejecting a common-mode signal in a frequency band up to 40 GHz or more.

The present disclosure relates to ultra-high speed digital signal integrity improving structures. Each structure in the present disclosure includes a first unit structure and a second unit structure of the same or different shapes arranged to face each other on the left and right sides along a longitudinal direction of a balanced line, centered around a coplanar stripline (CPS) or parallel stripline (PSL) formed on a substrate. At least one of the first unit structure and the second unit structure includes a first side close to the balanced line and having a linear or curve shape; a second side facing the first side; and left and right sides connecting the first side and the second side. Here, the width of the first side is less than or equal to that of the second side, the left and right sides have a linear or non-linear slope, and the width from the first side to the second side is configured to change continuously or discontinuously. When the structures of the present disclosure are disposed around a balanced line, it has the advantage of being able to recover the distorted phase autonomously while rejecting a common-mode signal in a frequency band up to 40 GHz or more.

A broadband balun structure has a single-ended port, a balanced port, a first transmission line connected between the single-ended port and one side of the balanced port, and a second transmission line connected to the other side of the balanced port, the first transmission line positioned to allow coupling of a first portion of the first transmission line simultaneously to both a second portion of the first transmission line and a portion of the second transmission line. A broadband balun structure includes a 180? hybrid using coupled-line structures, and a phase-shift network using coupled-line structures, the coupled-line structures positioned to couple at least one line section simultaneously to two other line sections. A test and measurement system and a test and measurement instrument, and at least one balun structure.

A broadband balun structure has a single-ended port, a balanced port, a first transmission line connected between the single-ended port and one side of the balanced port, and a second transmission line connected to the other side of the balanced port, the first transmission line positioned to allow coupling of a first portion of the first transmission line simultaneously to both a second portion of the first transmission line and a portion of the second transmission line. A broadband balun structure includes a 180? hybrid using coupled-line structures, and a phase-shift network using coupled-line structures, the coupled-line structures positioned to couple at least one line section simultaneously to two other line sections. A test and measurement system and a test and measurement instrument, and at least one balun structure.

In an example embodiment, an azimuth combiner comprises: a septum layer comprising a plurality of septum dividers; first and second housing layers attached to first and second sides of the septum layer; a linear array of ports on a first end of the combiner; wherein the first and second housing layers each comprise waveguide H-plane T-junctions; wherein the waveguide T-junctions can be configured to perform power dividing/combining; and wherein the septum layer evenly bisects each port of the linear array of ports. A stack of such azimuth combiners can form a two dimensional planar array of ports to which can be added a horn aperture layer, and a grid layer, to form a dual-polarized, dual-BFN, dual-band antenna array.

In an example embodiment, an azimuth combiner comprises: a septum layer comprising a plurality of septum dividers; first and second housing layers attached to first and second sides of the septum layer; a linear array of ports on a first end of the combiner; wherein the first and second housing layers each comprise waveguide H-plane T-junctions; wherein the waveguide T-junctions can be configured to perform power dividing/combining; and wherein the septum layer evenly bisects each port of the linear array of ports. A stack of such azimuth combiners can form a two dimensional planar array of ports to which can be added a horn aperture layer, and a grid layer, to form a dual-polarized, dual-BFN, dual-band antenna array.

Provided is a microwave filter system having a feedback structure. The microwave filter system may include an input hybrid coupler configured to output first output signals having a phase difference with respect to an input signal; filters disposed to be in parallel with an output end of the input hybrid coupler, and configured to filter the first output signals; and an output hybrid coupler configured to output second output signals having a phase difference with respect to each of signals filtered through the filters. An output signal of the output hybrid coupler is applied to an input end of the input hybrid coupler along a feedback path.

Provided is a microwave filter system having a feedback structure. The microwave filter system may include an input hybrid coupler configured to output first output signals having a phase difference with respect to an input signal; filters disposed to be in parallel with an output end of the input hybrid coupler, and configured to filter the first output signals; and an output hybrid coupler configured to output second output signals having a phase difference with respect to each of signals filtered through the filters. An output signal of the output hybrid coupler is applied to an input end of the input hybrid coupler along a feedback path.

Disclosed are various embodiments for eliminating or minimizing atmospheric discharge within the guided surface waveguide probe. Atmospheric discharge can be minimized to a nominal amount according to one or more factors, such as, for example, the use of a corona hood, the effective diameter of the internal coil, the effective diameter of the tube, and the shape of the charge terminal.