A vehicle communication, power, and guidance system for use in guiding and communicating with a land vehicle along a roadway, the system comprising: one or more reference devices positioned along the roadway, each of the reference devices further comprising: a memory device for storing fixed values for one or more vehicle and traffic related parameters; and one or more transmission modules for transmitting said fixed values for one or more vehicle and traffic related parameters; a vehicle mounted device comprising: a receiving module for receiving transmitted signals from the transmission module of said reference devices; and a processing module for processing the received signals and a transmitter module to transmitting signals to the reference device to communicate with one or more controllers of the vehicle to guide and control movement of the vehicle along the roadway.

The present invention detects a predictive abnormal phenomenon in a battery pack and prevents the use of the battery pack before power is shut off at a fuse. The battery pack comprises: a battery cell; a connection unit which is electrically connected to the battery cell and is connected to an external electrical apparatus main body; and a control unit which controls the battery cell, wherein, when detecting an abnormal state such as chattering, the control unit causes a charge prevention signal (LS) and a discharge prevention signal (LD) to be continuously output and makes the charge and discharge of the battery pack impossible (steps 226-228). The continuous output of these prevention signals is configured not to be negated by an operation of a user, and the battery pack can be made unusable by software control.

An energy monitoring system for discharging energy in an energy transfer device of a vehicle, including an isolation monitoring unit, a capacitor unit, a voltage terminal unit and a control unit. The voltage terminal unit is connectable to an energy storage system and transfers energy from the energy storage system to a vehicle subsystem. The isolation monitoring unit includes a first isolation resistor element and switch element. The resistor element is connectable to the voltage terminal unit via the switch element. The capacitor unit is connected to the voltage terminal unit and filters electromagnetic interference by storing energy during energy transfer to the subsystem. The control unit closes the first isolation switch element in case of a disconnection of the energy transfer to form a discharge circuit connecting the isolation monitoring unit and the capacitor unit. The discharge circuit discharges energy stored in the capacitor unit.

The present invention provides a system utilizing a power supply auto-activate circuit for energizing power supply to activate various connected components. The present invention provides a system to enable automatic activation of the components inside an accommodating device.

Disclosed herein are battery management systems (BMS) for controlling the operating state of a battery pack device, as well as methods for changing the operating state of a battery pack device. The battery pack may have multiple cells therein, each cell capable of generating multiple different voltages to allow more energy (voltage×current) to be quickly and efficiently put into the battery, thus optimizing battery charging (i.e., reducing battery charging times). These battery packs may change from operating in series, to operating in parallel, when desired, while utilizing affordable relays and more affordable electrical components. These battery packs may be comprised of any number of cells and can controlled and/or operated by the BMS, for optimal battery charging, or for optimal discharging, as desired. The BMS may be any type of control logic and/or software, operable to control and/or operate the battery packs.

A battery pack charger including a housing, a charging circuit, a first charger terminal and a second charger terminal connected to the charging circuit and configured for providing charging power to a battery pack, and a controller. The controller includes a processor and a memory. The controller is configured to charge the battery pack with a constant power charge, switch to a constant voltage charge when a voltage of the battery pack reaches a predetermined threshold, and charge the battery pack with the constant voltage charge.

An AIDC device cradle includes a stand having a post, base plate, and a protruding head. An expandable tray rotatably attached to the axle head via a pivot pin. The expandable tray including an upper bracket and a lower bracket configured to expand and contract along a longitudinal axis of the expandable tray such that the size of the expandable tray may vary to accommodate AIDC device case with an AIDC device or an AIDC device directly. The upper bracket and the lower bracket having side walls which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the expandable tray helping to secure the AIDC device within the tray. A plurality of locking holes and slots are provided to lock the cradle in position and secure the AIDC device within the device cradle. Integrated charging options are provided.

Controlled-environment facility resident behavioral and/or health monitoring may employ controlled-environment facility resident wearables each having a band configured to be affixed around a portion of a controlled-environment facility resident, irremovable by the resident and may include sensor(s) configured to measure biometric(s) of the controlled-environment facility resident and one or more physical parameter(s) experienced by the wearable, with a transmitter transmitting the biometric(s) and/or the physical parameter(s) to a controlled-environment facility management system. The controlled-environment facility management system may predetermine one or more normal input levels of the biometric(s) and/or physical parameter(s), receive the transmitted biometric(s) and/or physical parameter(s), determine whether received biometric(s) and/or physical parameter(s) rises above or falls below the predetermined normal input level(s), and alert controlled-environment facility personnel and/or law enforcement when received physical parameter(s) and/or received biometric(s) rise above or fall below the predetermined normal input level(s).

A method for managing a plurality of batteries that are electrically coupled together includes (1) monitoring respective voltages of the plurality of batteries and (2) in response to a respective voltage of a first battery of the plurality of batteries reaching a first threshold value at a first time, reducing a charge or discharge rate of the first battery, relative to at least a second battery of the plurality of batteries. Charge and discharge rates may be adaptively managed such that each battery reaches the first threshold value at substantially the same time.

A method and system for controlling power delivery to an electronic device having default and proprietary power modes. A default power delivery protocol between the power delivery adapter and the electronic device is completed upon connecting the power delivery adapter to the electronic device. When a proprietary power mode is available, it is verified and communicated to the power delivery adapter, wherein the power delivery adapter delivers power to the electronic device according to the proprietary power mode. When a proprietary power mode is not available, the power delivery adapter continues to deliver power in the default mode.