Electrical, mechanical, computing, and/or other devices that include components formed of extremely low resistance (ELR) materials, including, but not limited to, modified ELR materials, layered ELR materials, and new ELR materials, are described.

Electrical, mechanical, computing, and/or other devices that include components formed of extremely low resistance (ELR) materials, including, but not limited to, modified ELR materials, layered ELR materials, and new ELR materials, are described.

Various implementations of the invention correspond to an improved vortex flux generator. In some implementations of the invention, the improved vortex flux generator includes a magnetic circuit configured to produce a magnetic field; a quench controller configured to provide a variable current; a vortex material configured to form and subsequently dissipate a vortex in response to the variable current, wherein upon formation of the vortex, a magnetic field density surrounding the vortex is urged to decrease, and wherein upon subsequent dissipation of the vortex, the urging to decrease ceases and the magnetic field density increases prior to a reformation of the vortex, and wherein the decrease of the magnetic field density and the increase of the magnetic field density correspond to a modulation of the magnetic field; an inductor disposed in a vicinity of the vortex such that the modulation of the magnetic field induces an electrical current in the inductor; and a dissipation superconductor electrically disposed in parallel with the vortex material and configured to carry, without quenching, an entirety of the variable current during dissipation of the vortex in the vortex material.

Various implementations of the invention correspond to an improved vortex flux generator. In some implementations of the invention, the improved vortex flux generator includes a magnetic circuit configured to produce a magnetic field; a quench controller configured to provide a variable current; a vortex material configured to form and subsequently dissipate a vortex in response to the variable current, wherein upon formation of the vortex, a magnetic field density surrounding the vortex is urged to decrease, and wherein upon subsequent dissipation of the vortex, the urging to decrease ceases and the magnetic field density increases prior to a reformation of the vortex, and wherein the decrease of the magnetic field density and the increase of the magnetic field density correspond to a modulation of the magnetic field; an inductor disposed in a vicinity of the vortex such that the modulation of the magnetic field induces an electrical current in the inductor; and a dissipation superconductor electrically disposed in parallel with the vortex material and configured to carry, without quenching, an entirety of the variable current during dissipation of the vortex in the vortex material.

Various embodiments may include an electric conductor for producing a stator winding of a stator of an electric machine comprising: a plurality of filaments of a material normally conductive at 4.2 K; and a normally conductive matrix material. The plurality of filaments are embedded in the matrix material to form a monolithic composite. The matrix material is more electrically resistive than the filaments.

A cryogenic refrigerator includes a compressor for installation on a stationary component, an expander for installation on a rotating component, and a rotary joint fluidly coupling the compressor with the expander. The rotary joint includes: a rotor fixed to the rotating component and coaxial with its rotational axis; a stator disposed adjacent to the rotor to form a clearance between the rotor and the stator, and fixed to the stationary component; a first high-pressure flowpath and a second high-pressure flowpath, extending between the rotor and stator through the clearance, and a working-gas sealing area dividing the clearance into a first high-pressure section communicating with the first high-pressure flowpath, and into a second high-pressure section communicating with the second high-pressure flowpath.

A cryogenic refrigerator includes a compressor for installation on a stationary component, an expander for installation on a rotating component, and a rotary joint fluidly coupling the compressor with the expander. The rotary joint includes: a rotor fixed to the rotating component and coaxial with its rotational axis; a stator disposed adjacent to the rotor to form a clearance between the rotor and the stator, and fixed to the stationary component; a first high-pressure flowpath and a second high-pressure flowpath, extending between the rotor and stator through the clearance, and a working-gas sealing area dividing the clearance into a first high-pressure section communicating with the first high-pressure flowpath, and into a second high-pressure section communicating with the second high-pressure flowpath.

A cooling system for cooling an electric generator having a stator, a rotor and one or more superconducting coils is provided. The cooling system includes: at least a first cooling unit for cooling at least one of the stator and the rotor, at least a second cooling unit for cooling the superconducting coils, the second cooling unit being thermally connected to the first cooling unit, the first cooling unit providing a hot source for the second cooling unit.

Various embodiments include a stator for an AC electric machine with a number of magnetic poles comprising: a central axis; and a stator winding with a plurality of conductor turns. The individual conductor turns are grouped into a total of n electrical strands. The individual conductor turns of a respective electrical strand define a first conductor branch and a second conductor branch. The first conductor branch and the second conductor branch are arranged helically around the central axis over at least half of their respective lengths. The helically arranged conductor branches each have a pitch greater than a product of an axial length of the helical conductor branches and the number of magnetic poles.

A sliding surface located to one side in the axial direction relative to the axially central position of a rotary shaft is supported by the slide surface of a supply shaft in a slidable manner in the axial direction, the slide surface being the surface on which sliding occurs. The portion located to the other side in the axial direction side relative to the axially central position of the rotary shaft is fixed to an output shaft. The sliding surface is positioned on the surface of a hard coating, and the hard coating is positioned so as to cover a part of a substrate made of a GFRP. The slide surface is positioned on the surface of a hard coating, and the hard coating is positioned so as to cover a part of a substrate made of a GFRP.