Described hereafter is a device for the conversion of electromagnetic momentum into mechanical momentum to be used in airless environment. The device is built from rotating disk, made of non-magnetic material, on the circumference of which plurality of bar magnets are mounted. The bar magnets are in a plane which is perpendicular to the plane of the disk and in a plane, which is perpendicular to the radius of the disk that meets the centre of the bar magnet. The disk is driven by a motor that causes it to rotate. The magnets are positioned in an angle relative to the rotation axis of the disk. When the disk rotates, mechanical momentum, perpendicular to the plane of the rotating disk is generated. This momentum acts on the disk and causes it to move along the axis of rotation of the disk.

A chemical cartridge or an oxygen generating breathing apparatus includes an outer canister and an inner canister with an interior space. At least one alkali hyperoxide or earth alkali hyperoxide that can act as an electrolyte in the presence of moisture and at least one first metallic material are provided in the interior space of the inner canister. At least one second metallic material is provided between the inner canister and the outer canister or is at least partially integrated into the outer canister wall. Between the inner canister including the first metallic material and the outer canister including the second metallic material an ion-permeable material is arranged such that the cartridge generates electrical power when in use by creating a potential between the first metallic material and the second metallic material when the at least one alkali hyperoxide or earth alkali hyperoxide is contacted by CO.sub.2 and moisture.

Disclosed is a kinetic energy harvest and electrical energy storage feedback cell that combines the 2-dimensional superconductor behaviour induced by a ferroelectric-metal with a quantum. Hall Effect placed within two conductor/semiconductor materials with different chemical potentials. The feedback corresponding to external and internal conduction and tunnelling of the electrons in the cell allows the electrical potential difference to increase during discharge of the cell with a load. The feedback cell harvests kinetic energy, heat and store electrostatic and electrochemical energy that at room temperature the supercurrent can be induced during several years in feedback and can be used as part of a transistor, a computer, a photovoltaic cell or panel, a wind turbine, a vehicle, a ship, a satellite, an airplane, a remote access circuit, a building, smart grid, electric power transmission, transformers, power storage devices, electric motors and as a part of other several components or products.

An electrostatic actuator A1 includes a stator 1 and a mover 2, and is driven by an attractive force and a repulsive force generated by an electric field between the stator 1 and the mover 2. One of the stator 1 and the mover 2 includes a plurality of capacitor structures 5 each having a counter electrode 51 and a non-counter electrode 52. The other one of the stator 1 and the mover 2 includes a plurality of counter electrodes 61. The electrostatic actuator A1 is driven by an attractive force and a repulsive force generated between the counter electrodes 51 and the counter electrodes 61. This configuration can provide a faster and higher-power electrostatic actuator.

A thermoelectric conversion module includes an electrically insulating sheet substrate having a front surface and a rear surface, a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements, and a wiring layer. The plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements have an elongated shape extending in a first direction and are arranged such as to be lined up along a second direction intersecting the first direction at the front surface of the sheet substrate. The wiring layer includes a plurality of wires that electrically connect adjacent thermoelectric conversion elements in series at both lengthwise ends. The plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements are all p-type thermoelectric conversion elements or are all n-type thermoelectric conversion elements. A thermal resistance value of the wires is not less than a thermal resistance value of the thermoelectric conversion elements.

The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.

My invention is a power generator, of which the preferred embodiment is small enough to be implanted into the human body, shaped to fit into the area below the lungs, affixed to the interior body cavity and activated by the rhythmic movement of the diaphragm. A human diaphragm will move up to fifty-millimeters during the involuntary breathing process while a body is resting, in which my implantable power generator will output a stream of pulsed electric current with each inhale and another stream of pulsed electric current while exhaling during the body's minimum breathing period. My implantable power generator has sufficient output energy to supply a pacemaker, implantable pulse generator (IPG) or other medical implants that consume a constant supply of power without using internal batteries that would require repeated surgeries due to constant replacement or external battery packs that require passing wires through the skin and into the body.

An apparatus including a camera module actuator that includes a first coil disposed on a first substrate in a first direction, a first sensor, a first magnet facing the first coil in a second direction, and a second magnet facing the first substrate and the first sensor in the second direction, where the first sensor is disposed without overlapping the first coil in the second direction, the first magnet and the second magnet are separated from each other, and a second gap between the first substrate and the second magnet is greater in the second direction than a first gap between the first substrate and the first magnet in the second direction.

An electric generator comprises a substantially flat magnet having a series of alternating north and south polarities, the magnet having an upper surface, a lower surface and opposing edges. A first metal plate formed on the upper surface of the magnet, and a second metal plate formed on the lower surface of the magnet. A pair of wires is connected to one of the first or second metal plates and an edge of the magnet, the pair of wires capturing for use energy or power produced by the electric generator.

The present invention offers methods for generating electromagnetic force-fields. The methods utilize a vortex of rapidly rotating discrete matter that may self-generate electromagnetic field and magnetic compression in the Z-axis of the vortex to create an induced electromagnetic force-field in the eye region of the vortex. The induced electromagnetic force-field acts substantially orthogonally outward from θ-plane of the vortex and substantially parallel to the Z-axis of the vortex, and may be harnessed as useful force for engines, motors, rockets, turbines, and/or other applications where power, pressure, propulsion, energy, and/or force are needed. Certain embodiments may also achieve nuclear fusion within the vortex that may be utilized to help power the methods of the present invention and/or be utilized for additional applications where energy is needed.