A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency. The structure is capable of transmitting or receiving electrical energy and/or data at various near and far field magnetic coupling frequencies.

A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency. The structure is capable of transmitting or receiving electrical energy and/or data at various near and far field magnetic coupling frequencies.

A valve control for the control of a solenoid coil of a solenoid valve, with a control device which includes a current measuring device for determining a coil current. The control device is designed to determine an electrical resistance of the solenoid coil and on the basis of the determined resistance to select at least one parameter from the group: pull-in current, pull-in time, holding current and holding time from a table of values which is stored in the control device, for a subsequent control of the solenoid coil and/or wherein the control device is designed to determine a parameter from the group: pull-in current, pull-in time, holding current and holding time. And a method for operating a valve control for the control of a solenoid coil of a solenoid valve.

A valve control for the control of a solenoid coil of a solenoid valve, with a control device which includes a current measuring device for determining a coil current. The control device is designed to determine an electrical resistance of the solenoid coil and on the basis of the determined resistance to select at least one parameter from the group: pull-in current, pull-in time, holding current and holding time from a table of values which is stored in the control device, for a subsequent control of the solenoid coil and/or wherein the control device is designed to determine a parameter from the group: pull-in current, pull-in time, holding current and holding time. And a method for operating a valve control for the control of a solenoid coil of a solenoid valve.

A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency. The structure is capable of transmitting or receiving electrical energy and/or data at various near and far field magnetic coupling frequencies.

A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency. The structure is capable of transmitting or receiving electrical energy and/or data at various near and far field magnetic coupling frequencies.

Thermal management systems and methods of operation include a phase-change element including a phase-change material configured to change in phase state as the phase-change material absorbs heat and a plurality of active particles arranged within the phase-change material, with the plurality of active particles configured to induce a motion of the phase-change material when subjected to an applied electromagnetic field.

Thermal management systems and methods of operation include a phase-change element including a phase-change material configured to change in phase state as the phase-change material absorbs heat and a plurality of active particles arranged within the phase-change material, with the plurality of active particles configured to induce a motion of the phase-change material when subjected to an applied electromagnetic field.